Definition, Examples, and Observations on Writing

(1) Writing is a system of graphic symbols that can be used to convey meaning. See the observations below. Also, see the following topics related to the writing system: AlphabetGraphemicsHandwritingIdeogramLanguageLetter (2) Writing is the act of composing a text. See the observations below. Also, see the following topics related to composition: Academic WritingThe Advantages of Slow Reading and Slow WritingBasic WritingBusiness WritingCollaborative WritingComposition-RhetoricDraftingOnline WritingOverwritingPrewritingRevisionTechnical WritingWriterWriting ProcessYour Writing: Private and Public Writers on Writing Quotes About WritingWhat Is the Secret of Good Writing?What Is Writing Like? (Explaining the Writing Experience Through Similes and Metaphors)Writers on RewritingWriters on WritingWriters on Writing: Overcoming Writers Block Etymology and Pronunciation From an Indo-European root, to cut, scratch, sketch an outline Pronunciation: RI-ting Observations Writing and Language Writing is not language. Language is a complex system residing in our brain which allows us to produce and interpret utterances. Writing involves making an utterance visible. Our cultural tradition does not make this distinction clearly. We sometimes hear statements such as Hebrew has no vowels; this statement is roughly true for the Hebrew writing system, but it is definitely not true for the Hebrew language. Readers should constantly check that they are not confusing language and writing.(Henry Rogers, Writing Systems: A Linguistic Approach. Blackwell, 2005) Origins of Writing Most scholars now accept that writing began with accountancy. . . . In the late 4th millennium BC, the complexity of trade and administration in Mesopotamia reached a point at which it outstripped the power of memory of the governing elite. To record transactions in a dependable, permanent form became essential... [E]ssential to the development of full writing, as opposed to the limited, purely pictographic writing of North American Indians and others, was the discovery of the rebus principle. This was the radical idea that a pictographic symbol could be used for its phonetic value. Thus a drawing of an owl in Egyptian hieroglyphs could represent a consonant sound with an inherent m; and in English a picture of a bee with a picture of a leaf might (if one were so minded) represent the word belief.(Andrew Robinson, The Story of Writing. Thames, 1995) The Literate Revolution in Ancient Greece By Aristotles time, political orators, including Demosthenes, were publishing written, polished versions of speeches they had earlier delivered. Though writing had been introduced into Greece in the ninth century [BC], publication long remained a matter of oral presentation. The period from the middle of the fifth to the middle of the fourth centuries B.C. has been called the time of a literate revolution in Greece, comparable to the changes brought in the fifteenth century by the introduction of printing and in the twentieth century by the computer, for reliance on writing greatly increased in this period and affected the perception of texts; see Havelock 1982 and Ong 1982. . . . Rhetoric gave increased attention to the study of written composition. The radical effects of greater reliance on writing can, however, be exaggerated; ancient society remained oral to a much greater degree than modern society, and the primary goal of the teaching of rhetoric was consistently an ability to speak in public. (George A. Kennedy, Aristotle, On Rhetoric: A Theory of Civic Discourse. Oxford University Press, 1991) Plato on the Strange Quality of Writing Thamus replied [to Theuth], Now you, who are the father of letters, have been led by your affection to ascribe to them a power the opposite of that which they really possess. For this invention will produce forgetfulness in the minds of those who learn to use it, because they will not practice their memory. . . . You offer your pupils the appearance of wisdom, not true wisdom, for they will read many things without instruction and will therefore seem to know many things, when they are for the most part ignorant. Writing, Phaedrus, has this strange quality, and is very like painting; for the creatures of painting stand like living beings, but if one asks them a question, they preserve a solemn silence. And so it is with written words; you might think they spoke as if they had intelligence, but if you question them, wishing to know about their sayings, they always say only one and the same thing. And every word, when once it is written, is bandied about, alike among those who understand and those who have no interest in it, and it knows not to whom to speak or not to speak; when ill-treated or unjustly reviled it always needs its father to help it; for it has no power to protect or help itself.(Socrates in Platos Phaedrus, translated by H. N. Fowler) Further Reflections on Writing Writing is like a drug, too often employed by quacks who dont know what is true and what is false. Like a drug, writing is both a poison and a medicine, but only a real doctor knows its nature and the proper disposition of its power.(Denis Donoghue, Ferocious Alphabets. Columbia University Press, 1981)Writing is not a game played according to rules. Writing is a compulsive, and delectable thing. Writing is its own reward.(Henry Miller, Henry Miller on Writing. New Directions, 1964)Writing is really a way of thinking--not just feeling but thinking about things that are disparate, unresolved, mysterious, problematic or just sweet.(Toni Morrison, quoted by Sybil Steinberg in Writing for Your Life. Pushcart, 1992)Writing is more than anything a compulsion, like some people wash their hands thirty times a day for fear of awful consequences if they do not. It pays a whole lot better than this type of compulsion, but it is no more heroic.(Julie Burchill, Sex and Sensibility, 1992)It is nece ssary to write, if the days are not to slip emptily by. How else, indeed, to clap the net over the butterfly of the moment? for the moment passes, it is forgotten; the mood is gone; life itself is gone. That is where the writer scores over his fellows; he catches the changes of his mind on the hop.(Vita Sackville-West, Twelve Days, 1928)You most likely need a thesaurus, a rudimentary grammar book, and a grip on reality. This latter means: theres no free lunch. Writing is work. Its also gambling. You dont get a pension plan. Other people can help you a bit, but  ­essentially youre on your own.  ­Nobody is making you do this: you chose it, so dont whine.(Margaret Atwood, Rules for Writers. The Guardian, February 22, 2010)Why one writes is a question I can answer easily, having so often asked it myself. I believe one writes because one has to create a world in which one can live. I could not live in any of the worlds offered to me--the world of my parents, the world of war, the wor ld of politics. I had to create a world of my own, like a climate, a country, an atmosphere where I could breathe, reign, and recreate myself when destroyed by living. That, I believe, is the reason for every work of art. We also write to heighten our awareness of life. We write to lure, enchant, and to console others. We write to serenade. We write to taste life twice, once in the moment and once in retrospection. We write to be able to transcend our life, to reach beyond it. We write to teach ourselves to speak to others, to record the journey into the labyrinth. We write to expand our world when we feel strangled or restricted or lonely.(Anaà ¯s Nin, The New Woman. In Favor of the Sensitive Man and Other Essays. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1976) The Lighter Side of Writing Writing is like the worlds oldest profession. First, you do it for your own enjoyment. Then you do it for a few friends. Eventually, you figure, what the hell, I might as well get paid for it.(Television scriptwriter Irma Kalish)

The Trafficking Of Human Organs - 1564 Words

Trafficking Human Organs The trafficking of human organs is on the rise and black market operations are happening under everyone’s nose. Currently there are more than 120,000 people who are on the waiting list for a lifesaving organ. Among these people waiting for their transplant approximately twenty-five people will die each day waiting for their number to come up (Perry, 2016). According to the World Health Organization there is only about ten percent of organ transplants being met through the legal process (Bilefsky, 2012). In 2010 there was an estimated amount to 11,000 organs that were obtained through black market operations (Perry, 2016). The trafficking of the human kidney is the most popular organ that is being sold in the black market, due to the fact that a person can live a productive life with only one kidney even though a person is born with two (Living with One Kidney, 2015). It has been estimated that there are 10,000 different black market outfits that in volve the selling and purchasing of human organs that take place annually throughout the world. Through these traffickers a human kidney is being purchased on the astounding average of one every hour (World Health Organization, 2012). Many people who are in pursuit to purchase a kidney will go to China, India, or Pakistan to have the surgery done and has paid up to the amount of $200,000 for a kidney. While the person is paying so much the donor might receive $5,000 of that money from the blackShow MoreRelatedEssay on Human Organ Trafficking1283 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Organ Trafficking There are many problems with global crimes. What holds these crimes together isn’t because people around the world are committing the same crimes, it’s because these criminals have created global organizations that have ties in all the corners of the world. These groups work just like normal business do, exporting and importing goods to gain profit. However, unlike normal businesses their goods are illegal such as drugs and often inhumane such as trafficking humans. EvenRead MoreOrgan Trafficking Is The Illegal Trade Of Human Organs For Transplantation1198 Words   |  5 PagesOrgan Trafficking, also known as transplant tourism is the illegal trade of human organs for transplantation. (UNOFC,2016). On the other hand, organ donation is the act of transplanting healthy organs and tissues from one person to another (Medline Plus,2015). It is no secret that organ supply cannot meet the rising demand, and because of that a global organ transplant black market has grown and flourished(Glaser,2005). Although there has been some effort to establish a global organ transplant resolutionRead MoreBlack Market Organ Trafficking : The Illegal Act Of Exchanging Human Organs Or Tissues At An Agreed Price Essay1599 Words   |  7 PagesBlack market organ trafficking Organ trafficking deals with the illegal act of exchanging human organs or tissues at an agreed price. This practice involves mafia networks that collect organs from dead or living persons. A majority of people involved in this illicit business are poverty stricken and so, they see it as a promise of a brighter future. While the World Health Organization (WHO) has defined strict rules, imposed ethical standards along with the absence of any monetary compensation, theRead More Do People Who Are Trafficking Human Organs Help Other People?992 Words   |  4 Pages Do People Who Are Trafficking Human Organs Help Other People? (Campbell Davison, 2012), say that the unlawful business in human organs special kidneys has advanced quickly and unexpectedly. The reasons why selling kidneys has advanced quickly is that nowadays many countries have wars so there are many poor people who need money to live a good life. Also, after wars, there are many sick people that felt desperation because they lost their organs in the war and no one donated to them, so they neededRead MoreHuman Organ Trafficking Is What We Hear About All The Time Essay1952 Words   |  8 PagesHuman organ trafficking is what we hear about all the time. By hook or by crook, it appears we ve gone calloused and look at it as anything so detached from our reality. Nonetheless, somewhere in the market, real persons are suffering and are going through this designated difficulty. They re both forcibly or with consent taken and forced to donate their organs or killed and their organs are harvested. They are individuals whose freedom and rights are trampled on and taken away. Ways of GettingRead MoreOrgan Trafficking : A Large Problem1446 Words   |  6 PagesIllegal organ trafficking has become a large problem all over the world. The traffickers are commonly attacking the poor and promising them money but it never ends up being the correct amount. Commonly doctors and pharmaceutical companies overlook the illegal trade of the organs because they receiving money from the transplants. Organ trafficking takes place in three broad categories. The first one is organ traffickers will force or trick the individual into giving up an organ. Secondly the victimRead MoreThe Problem Of Human Trafficking1498 Words   |  6 Pagescontribute to the issue at hand. The issue I want to focus on is human trafficking. This type of criminalization is often one that is overlooked, most people believing that it is some sort of â€Å"myth,† or that this type of action happens to very few, and is only part of developing countries. However, the truth of the matter is tha t human trafficking occurs everywhere in the world, even the most successful countries. Human trafficking can occur in many different forms, however, there are very few lawsRead MoreHuman Trafficking Across the Globe Essay1118 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Trafficking Across the Globe Human trafficking is when a person is forced or tricked into working under terrible conditions. The victims of human trafficking may be kidnapped or are sometimes lured with false promises for a better future in a new country. Human trafficking is a high-profit and low-risk endeavor for the traffickers. Human trafficking can occur within a country or trans-nationally and is considered a crime against the victim being trafficked because of the violation of the victim’sRead MoreOrgan Trafficking1137 Words   |  5 PagesOrgan Trafficking Organ trafficking is one of the great issues that is faced by the society today. It is a practice of stealing people’s organ through surgery under the influence of drugs or from a dead person, and the organs are normally sold in black market such as China. South Africa, and Russia. WHO has estimated that one-fifth of the 70,000 kidneys that are transplanted every year come from the black market through a widespread organ-trafficking networks. In my opinion, organ trafficking hasRead MoreOrgan Trafficking1465 Words   |  6 PagesGAC015 Assessment Event 4: Academic Research Essay Organ Trafficking Students Name: Mary Jin Student ID #: JPCH21571 Teacher: John Due Date: 2013.2.25 Word Count: 1164 Question: In many countries organ trafficking is illegal, yet the incidence is on the increasing. Examine the legal, ethical and sociological issues involved in procuring human organs for transplant operations, comparing two countries with very different approaches.

The Presidential Election Process Free Essay Example, 1500 words

Since the number of U. Representatives is based on population, more populous states have more electors. Te electors only take part in this one-time vote and are not responsible for any future legislative work. Tey is appointees of participating political parties and typically always vote in favor of their party s respective candidate. Historically, o four occasions the winning president did not receive the popular vote with the latest being the 2000 elections 17) when Al Gore lost to George W. Bush by a slim margin of Electoral College despite receiving a higher nationwide popular vote. Bush won 271 Electoral College votes, with a margin of only 1 vote above the minimum required. Te 2000 elections renewed the long held debate of why shouldn t U. ctizens be able to elect their President through popular vote rather than the current indirect statewide Electoral College method? Those who support the indirect Electoral College method maintains that it is not less democratic and is, in fact, abetter representation of the federal structure of the government. According to them, it reinforces federalism distributing popular will across individual states. The other advantages they cite related to federalism is that less populous states are given due representation on account of their Senate seats and abandoning the Electoral College would put them at a disadvantage. We will write a custom essay sample on The Presidential Election Process or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Federalism is the cornerstone of U. democracy and the argument is indeed strong. However, closer look reveals that it seems more an effort to maintain the status quo than to recognize that improvements in the system will bring it closer to democratic ideals. Federalism means that each administrative unit within the nation has a say in the overall decision making. Te Senate already ensures federalism by sending two members from every state regardless of their population size, aspect opponents of reform conveniently ignore. N law can be passed in the nation without being approved by the Senate. Another important aspect they overlook is the effect of the swing states in the current system which destroys their argument of federalism. Several states like California and Texas consistently vote for one party and receive very little campaigning attention. Sing states, contested is real and the result could go either way, receive most of campaigning attention and it is voters in these states which have the highest effect on the election result. So, it can be argued that, in reality, the current system results in a heavy tilt of focus towards these swing states (Dotinga 192-196) rather equality for the smaller states.

Understanding Eating Disorders through a Biomedical Model...

Can We Better Understand Eating Disorders, Namely Anorexia Nervosa, Through A Biomedical Model Or By Socio-cultural Analysis? ‘It’s like I never knew what self-respect was all about until now. The thinner I get, the better I feel†¦this has become the most important thing I’ve ever done. ‘ (Ciseaux, 1980, p.1468) Incidences of Anorexia Nervosa have appeared to increase sharply in the USA, UK and western European countries since the beginning of the 60s (Gordon, 2001). The increasing prevalence of the disease has led the World Health Organisation to declare eating disorders a global priority area within adolescent mental health (Becker et al. 2011). Anorexia has in many ways become a modern epidemic (Gordon, 2000) and with a mortality rate of 10% per decade (Gorwood et al. 2003), the highest of any mental disorder (Bulik et al. 2006), it is an epidemic that social and biological scientists have been working tirelessly to understand. There are several bio-medical definitions of anorexia; The NHS refers to an anorexic as someone who tries to keep their weight as low as possible, by restricting diet, often over exercising and in some cases through the use of laxatives and diuretics (NHS, 2014). The DSM-V definition similarly suggests that anorexia is characterised by a refusal to maintain body weight at or above the minimally normal weight for age and height (DSM-V, 2014). Both definitions highlight an intense fear of gaining weight and a hugely distorted perceptionShow MoreRelatedMass Media Has A Strong Effect On Adolescent Female Adolescents4176 Words   |  17 Pagesmass media is something we are all a part of in our daily lives. When we wake up in the morning until we go to bed at night, we are a part of mass media. From the minute, we sit down at the computer, or if we decide to turn on the television or flip through a magazine. Mass media is in the magazines we read and there are advertisements everywhere w e look. This is who we are in this culture today but within this mass amount of information streaming around us, there also seems to be the common theme ofRead MoreDrug Addiction5980 Words   |  24 PagesNOT seen as a disease or as the result of genetic or biological predisposition. These people have a strong personal and social interest in an entirely nonphysiological model of addictive human behavior. Their perspective of social problems is based primarily on a philosophical orientation with a social perspective, heralding socio-political correctness as its goal. Throughout history, a great many people and institutions have tried to help alcoholics and addicts. Currently, there are thousands

Police Misconduct and Corruption - 1757 Words

Week 1 Assignment In order for a Police agency to prevent and deter Police misconduct, there must be a definition to what actions and behaviors that the term will encompass. The term ‘police corruption’ has been used to describe many activities: bribery; violence and brutality; fabrication and destruction of evidence; racism; favoritism or nepotism. Many different scholars differ in their own examples of the definition. Before attempting to the question of whether a precise definition is possible, it is worth examining the range of activities that might be included within a broad discussion of corruption. In (Bayley and Perito, 2011), it is defined as police corruption is a contested phrase with narrow and broad meanings. Narrowly†¦show more content†¦Reforming recruit training is the most common response among police agencies attempting to deal with corruption. There is, in this regard, a straightforward link between training, competence and malpractice/corruption. Straightfo rwardly, the better officers are at using legitimate means, the less they will need to have recourse to illegitimate ones. Police agencies that train their officers, and provide them with the resources they require to achieve the goals of the job legitimately should find that its officers are less likely to fall into corruption or misconduct. There have been several studies and implemented policies within agencies all over the world directed to prevent and deter police misconduct / corruption. In the early 1990s, the Mollen Commission of Inquiry revealed a serious police corruption problem in the New York City Police Department (NYPD). One of the key recommendations of the commission was that their internal investigative structure the Internal Affairs Bureau (IAB) be reconstituted as it had failed to effectively tackle the problem. Almost a decade since the establishment of a new IAB, it is hailed as a noteworthy example of how such a structure should operate if police corruption is to be adequately dealt with. (Newham, 2003). One additional strategy against Police misconduct that I would like to mention is the involvement of departments in becoming accredited. The goal of the organizationShow MoreRelatedPolice Misconduct and Corruption2063 Words   |  9 PagesINTRODUCTION For as long as policing has existed in America, there has been misconduct and corruption associated with any given policing agency. Police officer malfeasance can range from minor cases of misconduct to the downright criminal acts that are considered to be corruption. It is important to state here that not all police officers are guilty of misconduct and/or corruption, but like everything in our media-based society, the ?bad? cops are of much more interest and therefore are what thisRead MorePolice Corruption and Misconduct2992 Words   |  12 PagesPolice Corruption and Misconduct We all know that Police Officers and those involved in Law Enforcement are typically good people who we entrust to uphold our laws and rules in society. For them to be able to do their job however we grant them several privileges that that empower them more than the average citizen. Their status at times can make them appear above the law since they are the ones upholding and enforcing it and with all due respect I believe mostly of those individuals are responsibleRead More Police Corruption and Misconduct Essay1684 Words   |  7 Pages Police corruption and misconduct come apparent in many different forms. A basic definition for police corruption is, when an officer gets involved in offenses where the officer uses his or her position, by act or omission, to obtain improper financial benefit. The main reason for such corruption is typically for personal gain, such as bribery. Police abuse of authority occurs in three different general areas such as physical abuse, psycholog ical abuse, and legal abuse. Physical abuse is suchRead More Police Misconduct and Corruption Essay2489 Words   |  10 PagesWithin our police system in America, there are gaps and loopholes that give leeway to police officials who either abuse the authority given to them or do not represent the ethical standards that they are expected to live up to by society. Because of the nature of police work, there is a potential for deterioration of these ethical and moral standards through deviance, misconduct, corruption, and favoritism. Although these standards are set in place, many police officers are not held accountable forRead MoreTraining Day - Police Corruption Misconduct1160 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ â€Å"Training Day† Police Corruption and Misconduct L**** C**** Ogeechee Technical College Criminal Justice Criminal Justice Practicum (CRJU2090) Neal Owens June 8, 2014 â€Å"Training Day† – Police Corruption and Misconduct Special units in police forces are essential to the function of any organization, however some of these special units might evolve into feeling superior to the rest of the agency. The mentality of doing it their own way sets in and more likely than not thisRead MorePolice Ethics and Deviance1125 Words   |  5 PagesPolice Ethics and Deviance Ethics and the police is a subject that most people are interested in. When people use the words ethics and police in the same sentence, people usually think of police deviance, police corruption, misconducts such as drug and alcohol abuse, sexual violence, domestic disputes, and violence within families. Most common subjects people most associate with police ethics is police brutality, police deception, and abuse of their authority. Police officers in the UnitedRead MoreUnethical Police Operations1099 Words   |  5 PagesUnethical Police Operations When a Police Officer abuses his authority, it is called police misconduct. Police misconduct is a broad term used to describe police corruption and police brutality which include violations of state and federal laws, the violation of an individual’s constitutional rights, the abuse of police authority for personal gain, excessive force, false arrest and imprisonment, malicious prosecution, and wrongful death. Police misconduct can often lead to the miscarriage of justiceRead MorePolice Corruption : How Bad Is It And How Does It Affect Our Perception Of The United States Legal784 Words   |  4 PagesSeptember 2014 Police Corruption: How bad is it and how does it affect our perception of the United States legal system? The broad or basic dictionary definition of corruption is dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power, typically involving bribery (Corruption |Usage Example Sentence, Pronunciation, Web Definition | Google Dictionary.). My definition of corruption is the same, but my definition of corruption in law enforcement is different. This is my definition of corruption in law enforcement;Read MorePolice Corruption Essay : Good Cop And Bad Cop1148 Words   |  5 Pagescalled names. Police officers have been known to take bribes for illegal things. There is corruption all over the states, it is everywhere from Chicago to even Kansas. Police tactics are endangering civilian lives. Corruption is causing so much tension between civilians and officers. Not all police officers are corrupt, but the ones who are give a bad reputation to them all. First, what is corruption? Police corruption is the abuse of police authority for personal gain. Corruption may involve profitRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Police Agency Essay1715 Words   |  7 PagesPolice agencies have been traumatized with allegations of corruption and misconduct almost since the inception of law enforcement. In most organizations, an employee investigation is a sensitive issue. The employee being investigated can become unsettled, many times mentally and emotionally exhausted. Employees directly and indirectly involved can also become emotionally drained. Consider the impact an internal affairs investigation has within a police agency as it struggles to maintain the confidence

Giving Pluto Telecommunications A New Turn

Question: Outline and analyze the problems confronting Pluto Telecommunications and offer recommendations for their resolution. Answer: Introduction Pluto is a vast organisation based on the provision of telecommunication services to its customer. With the high demand for these services as technology continues to advance, Pluto is, therefore, dealing with a large number of customers. This implies that there is a need to employ a large number of workers in an attempt to attend to these large numbers that are growing day after day. In an organisation or any institution, an increase in its population makes it hard to manage. Pluto is facing similar problems. 1.0 Problems identification Lack of teamwork Poor co-ordination Inefficient upward communication lack of commitment Bureaucratic ethos 2.0 Analysis of the issues 2.1 Lack of teamwork Andrew Carnegie defines teamwork in his quote as, the ability to pursue a common goal in work. The ability to focus on organisational accomplishments in working as one. This drives different people to achieve the same results. Teamwork is lacking in the three departments of this organisation. Veronica, a managing director, reports that the three departments do not only have a bad association amongst themselves but also they work counter each other. This means that they dont share the same vision and mission. They are serving their own interest and trying to show themselves better than the members of the other departments. in an organisation bringing different people from different geographies to pursue a common goal, if they split then they will be divided in views since they cannot share a common view basing on a certain matter. Due to a large number of customers served, this lack of teamwork possesses a great hindrance to the development of the organisation as a whole. Different departments are driven by different interest and this is the major cause of division here. Manktelow et al, (2016) state in the team assessment survey that these days almost everybody is a member of some team. They add that if you do not participate actively in a team then, there are possibilities that you participate within one in some way for it's very important to know your weaknesses and strengths as far as teamwork is concerned so that you may further the development of your career. This challenges the Pluto work staff and explains their differences in opinion regarding matters of organisational development. 2.2 Poor coordination There are also major coordination issues among the three departments. they are totally losing it as far as coordination is concerned. This is well illustrated by the sales department where they promise the customers installation without consulting the customer service department that has the engineers responsible for the installation process. The marketing team also releases a new product to the market without communicating and passing relevant information to the sales and customer services department giving the latter hard time dealing with customers linked to this new product. These departments have their roles linked up whereby information from one department is passed to the other department for implementation. Their lack of coordination only means that a lot of work is going to be left unattended for since the other departments have no idea what is going on. It is a well-known fact that information is power, therefore, failing to pass the same to the other departments only means more harm than good to this Pluto organisation. Sharief (2016) in his opinion shares that if coordination is lacking in an organisation then this reduces its productivity, makes processes complicated and completion assignments gets delayed. He further states that for one to manage the entire organisations efforts, a system of integration of events that creates organisational accountability is required, just as Tim Bobby called for. He further adds giving these processes implementations gives room for coordination within the departments in the entire organisation among employees. This is why Veronica complains about the decrease in the productivity. Even a small organisation cannot survive if there are instances of lack of coordination amongst its members. With this lack of coordination, it is obvious that most of the work might end up being done more than one time since one department has no idea what the other was working on. This will consume the resources of the organisation drastically and reduce the output by a high value due to the time wasted as one work is repeated. This is going to incur the organisation great losses for it is always a primary objective of any business entity to reduce the cost as much as possible in order to enjoy god profits. Pulling a lot of resources towards one task will only see this business suffer a blow of losses. Information is not passing accordingly through the departments. This is going to make the organisation lose a lot of data in the process. Without this data, a lot of work is going to be left undone or done poorly since data forms a part of the input, for any organisation, that is manipulated to produce the desired output. This, in turn, is going to delay a lot of operations in the organisation. Any delay on a job to be done in an organisation comes with a loss in the process. This is because a lot of time is concentrated on working on one thing, a time that could be used to attend to some other job to gain more profit. Time is money and for any business entity to see good progress, they must keep this in mind always and forever. 2.3 Inefficient upward communication Upward communication is discouraged in this Pluto organisation. This is well illustrated when Mr Wensley is told to wait outside the boardroom by his boss, Veronica. Mr. Matthew is also interrupted as he calls for integration by the boss. The Business Communication (2015) states that upward communication results to a good labour-management relationship whereby employees lower level executives bring forth information and top executives use such information, after analysing it, to come to a common decision which results in the subordinates being at good terms with their superiors a factor that improves the operations of the whole organisation. When the upward communication is discouraged then it means that the superiors dont get relevant reports from their subordinates. This means that they lose track of how those they are to supervise are doing their job. That friendly environment between the boss and the worker is necessary for easy passage of information that can lead to the development of the organisation. Luthans supports this in his work as he reports that, Feedback makes communication a two-way process and is a big problem with much of e-mail that turns out to be only one-way. As electronic communication becomes more interactive, such problems can be overcome. There is continuing research evidence that feedback not only improves communication but also, in turn, leads to a more effective manager and organisational performance (2011, p.254). The subordinate staff is very close to the customers more than their superiors. This means that they are rich in ideas which can make the organisation improve its productivity because they know the taste of the customers and share the feeling of the customers on certain products. With this experience, they are more innovative and can bring forth ideas that will see the organisation thrive beyond the grasp of its competitors. This means that if such information is passed to the superiors then the organisation will, in turn, enjoy much more benefits. This lacking in Pluto and it is a serious blow to them. The upward communication is also key to a favourable working environment. If the employees are free to talk to their superiors, then they will be motivated to work even hard because they cannot afford to lose that relationship. This will result in the workers being at great harmony and simplify work in the organisation. Most human beings work best when they a peace of mind. Here their self-esteem is boosted and they gather a lot of confidence that will enable them to work even much better. In the absence of this, the output they bring forth is undesirable. 2.4 lack of commitment Mowday, et al. defines an organisational commitment to be the tendency of an employees oversight and relations that shows his loyalty to his work. Other than this, he says that commitment to an organisation entails the willingness of an individual to do all that it takes to see the goals of an organisation achieved (1979). The workers of this organisation do not show commitment to the job they are doing. The commitment of workers is one factor that is paramount that if met then any organisation shows a great success. This missing commitment is seen when Mr. Matthew says, "I know not the happenings outside my department because (a) it is none of my business and (b) There is no time to find out." A committed worker would gather any relevant information that may benefit the organisation he is working for not only from his department but also from other departments so that he is well updated on the operations going on in his workplace. The sales personnel are also reported that they are mostly after the bonuses they receive on the sales they make such that once they make one transaction, they are much eager to jump to the next for more bonuses. These employees should, on the other hand, put more efforts in the development of the organisation. Commitment enables the worker to operate till late hours. They readily volunteer to duties even those outside their departments for the good of the organisation. A workplace with employees driven their commitment thrives even their competitors are stiff. There is nothing good as working with a passion. This can see you achieve a lot of things in your working career. This gives your supervisors less work thus releasing you from working under great pressure. UK Essays (2013) reports that if benefits and support is offered to the employees by the organisation then absenteeism will be reduced and, in addition, they feel appreciated for the services they offer. This will automatically make the employees develop much interest in their work and show surprising commitment for the betterment of the organisation. 2.5. Bureaucratic ethos This is the spirit whereby top officials in an organisation are the only ones responsible for major decision making. Landry addresses the topic on bureaucracy in his book stating, Bureaucracies exist in the public, private and community spheres in various forms. They can be complex in their precise characteristics depending on their purpose, mission, scope and size. A bureaucracy is the organisational structure of larger organisations which have systematic procedures, protocols and regulations to manage activity. These dictate how most processes are executed as well as the formal division of powers, hierarchies, and relationships intended to anticipate needs and improve efficiency. Here the focus is on the public domain, yet it has as much relevance to how large corporations operate as to public institutions. Key principles have evolved in how they operate such as neutrality or leaving vision making to politicians. This can constrain initiative, motivation and creative potential (2011). We are told that managers from higher grades are reticent to communicate with other managers from a lower grade. This is very uncalled for since for an organisation to meet its set goals, then all the opinions and suggestions must be taken into consideration. Due to the division of labour and specialisation, that is seen in most organisations, a worker may develop a feeling that he is entitled to all the major decisions around his area of specialisation. This is wrong since other employees from a different department may provide better ideas as well. For good progress, every employee should be taken into consideration as far as opinion is concerned. 3.0 Alternatives 3.1 Lack of teamwork Lack of teamwork adversely affects on tasks, which cannot be completed without effective teamwork thus, the teamwork must be improved and for this the team members must be chosen sensitively, so that the tasks would be completed in appropriate way. 3.2 Poor coordination In order improve the efficiency of the product and services the coordination among the different section of the organization must be improved, that help the organization in improving the efficiency of the product and services of the organization thus help in improving the prospectus of the organization. 3.3 Inefficient upward communication For better outcome as well as to achieve the goals and objectives the upward communication is most important as it help to know the management about the performance along with performance issues so that they can take important steps in order to minimize the issues and improve the performance of the employees thus performance of the organization. 3.4 lack of commitment The entire employees of the organization must be committed towards their requisite duties and responsibilities so that all the vital tasks would be completed within the predefined time and standard, which help the organization to achieve the goals and objectives of the organizations. 3.5 Bureaucratic ethos Bureaucratic ethos must be avoided by the management staffs as in current scenario the effective coordination between the top and middle management is most important and it is necessary for the successful accomplishment of the goal and objectives of the organization. 4. Recommendation 4.1. Encourage teamwork Chalmers (2016) emphasises on teamwork in his statement where is states, it doesnt matter if you are a boss or planning to lead, you should push for teamwork, in your workplace, for it builds skill in business. He clarifies that this is not just put the best guys together, it is more than just that In an effort to promote teamwork, the superiors should always make sure that those whom he heads share in the future plans of the organisation. By so doing, the members will work as a team achieve the goals of the organisation. The organisation should also set targets to be met by the different departments and for the members of the departments as well. By so doing, the members of the departments will have to work together in order to hit the target. Rewards should be promised to teams that do great not individuals for this will nature the togetherness in the organisation. The employees should always be made to feel as part of the organisation. A firm trust should be developed between the employees and their bosses. If this is done, every information that regards the organisation will be shared equally and no employee will be left in the dark. Being informed is enough motivation to work even harder for you will feel that the organisation values you and every service that you have to offer them. This openness will enable the superiors to pay attention to whatever other employees have to say. This, in turn, moulds a bond so strong. 4.2. Encourage coordination When teamwork is fully encouraged, coordination between the departments will follow promptly. This is because, with the teams in place, coordination of the different departments will be needed in order for the set targets to be met. With these in place, all the operations of the organisation will fall back to normally and work done smoothly. In addition, harmony and unity will be achieved. The unitary Pluto culture will be brought back to life once again. This is the secret to the successes seen by many organisations globally. With coordination at hand, employees can work in the areas where they specialise in much easily. Business Management reports that, In modem organisation, diversification and complexities of technology give rise to specialisation. The organisation hires specialists who that they are competent to handle their jobs. They do not consult departmental heads. This often leads to conflict among specialists and departmental heads. Therefore, coordination is needed to reconcile differences to ensure unity of action achieve the organisational objective (2013). By doing this, the production will be improved and time saved. This means that resources will be pulled towards achieving a goal are utilised accordingly and result seen. The organisation will enjoy great profits in return. Success is not all about doing everything possible, sometimes it is all about doing just the little things. 4.3. Create a conducive environment for working Begumisa (2014) while writing on building a conducive environment for working reports that, creating the right environment for working entails knowing how to motivate the employees and this would depend on the behavioural and the physical factors. They are as follows: facilities and equipment, atmosphere and workspace, an environment free of noise (although this could vary from one profession to another), encouragement to foster creativity, and ability to make the workplace fun. The environment that you are working in defines how best you will perform in it. Giving the employees a good pay improves their working environment. They will feel motivated and produce their best. This will also see the sales personnel stop going just after the bonuses but do a job with a lot of passion. Providing the working allowances in time and hearing out your employees when they ask for a day or two off with genuine reasons will improve their working environment. Every employee works to their level best when they are at ease with everything around them. This is how you can grant them this. 5.0 Plan of action 5.1 Lack of teamwork In order to improve the teamwork between the members, the members of a team would be selected sensitively and there several workshops will be arranged for the teams so that they can understand each others, their capabilities and weakness, which help in planning the task accordingly. Besides this, it helps in improving their personal relationship and bondage that improve their coordination so that the work would be done more efficiently. 5.2 Poor co-ordination In order to improve the coordination between the different sections of the organization the organization will plan several joint conventions for the sections which related to each other so that the communication and relation between the employees of different sections can be improved and thus the coordination between the different sections would be improved. 5.3 Inefficient upward communication For improving the upward communication between the employees, middle manager and top level managers, the organization must plan some meeting, get together, conventions among the different level of employees of the organization, which help in improving the relation among them and thus the upward communication of the organization will be improved. 5.4 lack of commitment In order to improve the commitment of the employees the organization must take adequate motivational strategies so that the employees will be motivated towards their work and improve their commitment towards their work. 5.5 Bureaucratic ethos The Bureaucratic ethos must be prohibited, as it hinder the growth of the company so a frequent meeting between the top level management officials with middle management staffs will be arranged, where the middle managers freely discuss the issue, which they face in order to obtain certain performance from the employees. Conclusion It is very evident that Pluto is facing a lot of managerial issues. These are not permanent though; they can be all stopped and a new chapter opened that will see this organisation to the skies. Listed above are a number of resolutions that if followed step by step then Pluto can get to the place Veronica desires it to be. With all these resolutions in place, Pluto will definitely take a new turn and achieve all it goals. It will not only prosper as an organisation but also the employees in it will develop their careers and achieve their dreams as they work together as one big family. United they shall stand. References Begumisa, L. J. (2014). Building a conducive working environment. Business Management Ideas (2013). Importance of proper coordination to achieve organisational objectives. Chalmers, E. (2016). 13 Ways to encourage teamwork. Landry, C. (2011). The creative bureaucracy: A think piece. Luthans, F. (2011). Organisational behavior. 12th ed. Manktelow, J. et al, (2016). Team effectiveness assessment: How good is your team? Mowday, R. T., Richard M.S. Lyman W. P. (1997). The measurement of organisational commitment; Journal of Vocational Behavior. Sharief, S. (2015). How can bad coordination between departments affect the sales process? The Business Communication (2015). Advantages and disadvantages of upward communication.

Everything to Nothing free essay sample

I am privileged. Blessed. My life is cushioned with a comfortable home, family vacations in tropical countries, and numerous extracurricular activities. But growing up, I never valued the possessions and experiences that I was blessed with. I took them for granted and assumed that I would always have everything. My attitude was indifferent; I thought, â€Å"I’ll always be living a nice life.† However, a single tragedy that I witnessed revealed to me that I might not always be living a nice life: in fact, I might not always be living. In my sophomore year of high school, my fellow student, â€Å"Joseph,† died literally at my feet. It was a crisp October morning, and I was walking to school through the crisp autumn air. Bikers whizzed by me in the lane next to the sidewalk, each one hurrying to arrive at school on time. As I nodded softly to the music pulsing through my headphones, a large garbage truck slowly crawled by, towing some sort of trailer. We will write a custom essay sample on Everything to Nothing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Its loud huffing bothered me, and I turned up my music. But suddenly, the music in my ears went silent as I watched a tragedy unfold right in front of me. Joseph, riding a royal blue bike, pedaled furiously to pass the gigantic garbage truck. As he passed its trailer, the trailer’s wheels skittered over a bump in the road, causing the huge metal vehicle to swerve wildly. The edge of the trailer smashed into Joseph, sending him over the handlebars of his bike and face-first into the dark gray concrete. I heard myself gasp as I sprinted towards him. Other drivers were pulling to the sides of the road and jumping out of their cars, sprinting towards the bloody and motionless boy. As I reached the scene, I felt my stomach churn. Joseph lay in the gutter, inches from my black laced sneakers. I crumpled to the ground. The aftermath of the accident passed in a blur of ambulance sirens, sobbing parents, and a black body bag that stays burned in my mind. Finally, when Joseph’s body had been taken away, a police officer sent me on to school. However, I instead headed home, still in shock. I had seen my fellow student die. My fellow student who would have taken the SAT and applied for college and gone on to pursue a career, just as I would. Every experience that I would have was an experience that he had lost the chance to have. And he could have been me. I was only a yard away from the accident; he could have been me. I could have lost my family, my future, my life. If my fellow student could die, I could to. Following Joseph’s death, I learned to appreciate everyone I knew and everything I had. I began documenting my trips and experiences with photographs and writing. I wrote thank-you cards and little notes for my friends. I spent time with my family. I savored each meal. I put my energy into studying and doing well in school, because I had the chance to. It would be cruel of me to view life with the indifferent attitude that I once had; at least I had a life, and so I should value it. Although Joseph’s death was a heartbreaking tragedy that never should have happened, his death taught me the value of life, and for that I am grateful.