Roland barthes and his semiotic theory

Roland barthes and his semiotic systemAbstractRoland Barthes (1915 1980) is unrivaled of the most recognized names in the flying battlefield of semioticals. His Semiotic surmise has been the aspiration cornerstone m some(prenominal) aspiring students and teachers alike. His leap to fame coincided with the release of his 1957 throw inventionologies, which was a assembly of attempts he had authored. The humankind was so fascinated by his ideas that his opinion was practic both toldy sort in the public bena.Signs range from speech, be language and symbols to paintings, medicinal drug and Morse code. Barthes Semiotic hypothesis broke d birth the process of adaptation betokens and foc utilize on their deliveration by different cultures or societies. consort to Barthes, households had two a human body, cosmos the forcible form of the foretoken as we perceive it through our intellects and the signified, or convey that is interpreted.Barthes in addition b elieved that e rattling ideologic sign is either a De nonative sign system or a Connotative sign system. A denotive sign, which is a purely descriptive system, is the result of the shape stunt woman and the signified c erstpt combining. A Connotative sign is one that has muzzy its historical meaning. This could be delinquent to a see to it of things including changes in culture or terminology, an eveningt, or even just ontogenesis.Semiotic surmisal is an Interpretive theory that gouge be applied to most aspects of both(prenominal)day deportment although most people would not realise it.IntroductionPurpose The purpose of this report is to gain acumen into the world of Roland Barthes in terms of a brief sequenceline of his life. Also of extra focus forget be to gain a basic enlist and accord of his Semiotic opening. This exit allow in the key issues voluminous in the theory, along with its application in workaday life and an evaluation of the theory. A few o f my own views on this theory testament as well as be included.Scope This report will focus on the basic fancys of Barthes Semiotic Theory. It will scarcely look into the most basic concepts as overtaking into large detail would involve a much more(prenominal) involved and spacey seek process given its complexity. An examine to gain an apprehension of the theory will be sort in order to value it relevance in todays society.Limitations In the process of querying this topic it quickly became observable that it would be ticklish to gain a clear and concise sagacity of it. The availability of clear to read knowledge kickoffs seemed few and far amongst, with the absolute volume of available material worded in a nature that was at clock im mathematical to decipher. It was also found that many of Barthes piddle is not freely available, access to it was more than once accompanied with a monetary role of virtu each(prenominal)y sort.Research Methods A number of diff erent research methods were subroutine in the acquirement of information for this report, all with varying success. The primary source was the internet because of its easily accessible pool of information. Using this method it was possible to gain immediate information on most topics, although it did occasionally sustain its limitations. The use of books was also an opposite primary information source. Finding books that were easy to read was voiceless merely a number of them were of great aid. Periodicals were also used to acquire information although the available names were of modest use overdue to the nature of the language and terminology used.Structure of the Report This report will first outline the life and times of Roland Barthes including his upbringing and education. It will then go on to outline his Semiotic Theory and describe almost(a) of its most basic concepts. This will flow on into how the theory set up be applied to everyday life as advantageously as a n evaluation.Literature ReviewBook Reference One Hall, S. (2007). This heart and soul This, This Means That. A Users select to Semiotics. London Laurence King Publishing Ltd.Summary Although this book uses fairly basic language to describe the concepts it is trying to portray, it does not pissing down the text so much as to make you scent stupid. abandoned that semiotics finish be quite a catchy subject to explain, this book does a decent job of explaining a number of different concepts with graphical usages. The graphical examples it supplies helps to give a greater understanding of the idea/s that is existence put across, and gives readers the opportunity to first interpret what they are viewing from their own perspective, before reading the explanation describing the theory behind the graphic, or sign. This interaction gets the reader involved in a lot of creative thinking which is a great panache to re-enforce the points and concepts cosmos laid out by the text. Give n its graphical nature, this book will also be extremely useful for presentation purposes. verity and asperity The author of this book, Sean Hall, is the Leader in Contextual Studies at Goldsmiths, University of London. Although not a big name in semiotics, his previous studies, academic status, and proven caterpillar tread record in research goes a long way to proving the trueness and validity of his work. The extensive bibliography provided in this book shows that he has sourced many welkins for his research and consulted many different individuals. Semiotics is a subject that has no body of knowledge to fall back on. For this reason it is difficult to determine whether or not any information is accurate as everything about semiotics is subjective and open to scrutiny.Book Reference Two Cobley, P., Jansz, L. (2004). Introducing Semiotics. (2nd ed.). Singapore Tien Wah straighten out Ltd.Summary I found this book to be quite difficult to follow due to the nature of the layout . It is set out in almost a comic style, or storyboard type accession, which can be a little difficult to follow at times. This is also not helped by the absence of a contents page, forcing the investigation of occurrence ideas to be primed(p) through the index at the back of the book, or else recalling exactly where in the book that it was originally read. It is difficult to determine exactly what information will be useful from this book. virtually information, such(prenominal) as that about point theorists, will be somewhat helpful however, many of the other concepts cover whitethorn not be of any use due to the hassle of purpose it again and the comic book type nature.One topic, which is cover at the beginning of the book, is a pre-history of semiotics. This information is extremely helpful as information of this nature has been difficult to locate. As previously stated, this book opens up with a brief history and a little about the very first researchers in the area of semiotics. It then goes on to outline how some of the earlier historical figures contributed to the early understanding and significance of signs. This is followed by an attempt to give an understanding of the concepts involved with semiotics and also includes reference to some of the more recent researchers of this field, including Roland Barthes.Accuracy and Validity Dr Paul Cobley, the man trustworthy for the text in this book, is a Senior Lecturer in parley at London Guildhall University. He has authored as number of books in the area of Semiotics as well as colloquy Theory, and his record in these areas is exceptional. I have found that a lot of his work has been used as reference by many of the other information sources I have used. This shows that his work is highly regarded by many in the field, and that the true statement and validity of his work is widely recognised.Library Database Reference One Petrilli,S.(2008). On Communication Contributions to the Human Sciences and to Humanism from Semiotics Undersas welld as Semioethics.The American diary of Semiotics,24(4),193-236.Retrieved August 7, 2009 from Research Library. (Document ID1608836621).Summary This article was extremely difficult to decipher and not very helpful. For this reason I find it peculiarly challenging to review it as it made little to no sense to me. This article was chosen more out of necessity than anything else as finding useful database articles proofed to be difficult.Accuracy and Validity Susan Petrilli teaches Semiotics and philosophical system of Language at the section of linguistic Practices and Text Analysis at Bari University, Italy. Her list of studies and publications is extensive, as is her work in the translation of research make by Charles Morris and Thomas A. Sebeok from English to Italian. There is little doubt that information sourced from Susan Petrilli is viable, it is just a shame that in this case it was of little use as it was not valid.Library Data base Reference Two Petrilli,S.(2008). The Relation with Morris in Rossi-Landis and Sebeoks set out to Signs1.The American diary of Semiotics,24(4),89-121.Retrieved August 7, 2009 from Research Library. (Document ID1608836581).Summary This article authored by Susan Petrilli and featured in The American Journal of Semiotics, outlines the work through by Ferruccio Rossi-Landi and Thomas Sebeok, which in turn was ground on the work of Charles Morris. Charles Morris (1901 1979), is quite a controversial character in the world of Semiotics. Some credit him with the recognition of Semiotics as a science field, and others burden him of copying the work of another theorist, Charles Peirce. Either way, the work he did or didnt do was influential in the works of other theorists. It gave new commission and recognition to semiotics and helped pave the way for future study and research. two Ferruccio Rossi-Landi and Thomas Sebeok have helped to advance the science of semiotics but it is o utstanding to highlight that the work they have done was in most cases an credit of Morriss research. This article highlights that fact and expands on it in much greater detail. Whether or not this article will directly influence my studies is debatable, it does however, give a greater understanding about the evolution of semiotics and how it came to be recognised.Accuracy and Validity Susan Petrilli teaches Semiotics and philosophy of Language at the Department of Linguistic Practices and Text Analysis at Bari University, Italy. Her list of studies and publications is extensive, as is her work in the translation of research done by Charles Morris and Thomas A. Sebeok from English to Italian. net Article Reference One Barthes, R (1957). Mythologies The World of grappling. Retrieved 1 September, 2009 from http//www9.georgetown.edu/ readiness/irvinem/theory/Barthes-Mythologies-Wrestling-1957.pdfSummary Having access to an actual essay by Roland Barthes proven to be a great help in the research process. This essay picked apart a battle event by applying his theories to it. It was an excellent way to explain certain aspects of the theory. This ranged from the physical appearance of the competitors and their general mannerisms, to the ethnic or public recital of what was unfolding before them. It explained the representation side of wrestling and how it is catered to the needfully of its audience. Everybody at the event knows what is going on because of the different signs expresses by the actors.Accuracy and Validity Given that this report is found on Roland Barthes theory, the accuracy and validity of the information needs little clarification. Everything in this report is based on his ideas and concepts so the accuracy needs not be questioned. blade Article Reference Two Wikipedia.(2009). Roland Barthes. Retrieved July 22, 2009 from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland_BarthesSummary This article on Roland Barthes was a great starting point in the resear ch process. Without existence too technical it gave a nice brief outline about Roland Barthes including a little about his works and theory.Accuracy and Validity Not evermore an accurate source of information, I was initially reluctant to take any information from Wikipedia at face value. However, this did slowly change as my research went on and verification of the content was discovered. The great thing about Wikipedia is that it has its own references meaning that it paves the way for more in depth research.FindingsRoland Barthes Roland Barthes is considered to be one of the biggest names in Semiotics and much of his work has been the primary inspiration and information source for many aspiring students, as well as teachers, in the field of Semiotics. Born in Cherbough, France, on the 12th of November 1915, Roland Barthes had what he called Not an unhappy youth. Less than a year after(prenominal) his birth his father was killed in a naval accident forcing his mother to move wi th him to Bayonne. Here he spent the early part of his childishness before moving again in 1924, this time to capital of France. It was in Paris that he attended school at Lyce Louis-le-Grand and Lyce Montaigne, both organism well renowned secondary schools in France. In 1934 he contracted Tuberculosis and spent a number of years in Sanatoriums. Although this very much meant he was unable to undertake his doctorate studies, it did give him the time to pursue other interests, the most dominant being reading, What else did you have to do except read? He also started to do a little writing and cofounded the magazine Thtre populaire. There was one positive to go out of his ill health it kept him out of military assistance during World War II. Barthes went on to study at the Historic University of Paris, or Sorbonne, where he received a degree in Classical literature, as well as in grammar and philology. This was followed by several(a) teaching positions including appointments in France, Romania and Egypt. He had made an intentional avoidance of major degree honor universities throughout his career which lead to these unusual posts. In 1957, Barthes had a book called Mythologies released. In this publication Barthes used the concepts of semiotics to analyse myths and signs in coetaneous culture. The release of this book coincided with the rapid rise of fame for Barthes. The ideas and concepts within the book seemed to chance on a chord with scholars and the general public. This popularity lead to material from the book being referred to in newspapers, films, shows, and exhibitions. Auto manufacturer Renault found his work so make that they temporarily hired him as an advertising consultant. During the early 1960s, Barthes spent much of his time exploring the fields of semiology and structuralism. This was accompanied by various faculty positions somewhat France and a continuation in the production of his more full length studies. During his career, Rolan d Barthes published more essays than substantial studies. He often presented his views in a concise, subjective way that differed from the theoretical onward motion used by the majority of scholars. It was this approach that not notwithstanding made him a standout in various fields but also a somewhat controversial character. more other academics and theorists had a love hate alliance with him. Roland Barthes died on the twenty-fifth of March 1980 from injuries succumbed from being hit by a van a month earlier.Outline Of Roland Barthes Semiotic Theory Among other fields canvass by Roland Barthes, his Semiotic Theory is one of the most famous and well renowned. Although he changed his mind about the way signs work more than once over his career, most practitioners follow the concepts of his original theory. Semiotics, or Semiology as it is often referred to, is concerned with anything that can stand for something else. It is the study of sign processes, meaning what signs mean and how, what signs are communicating, as well as how meaning is constructed and understood. In petty it is the study of everything to do with signs. Although arguably not a recognised field until the work of Charles Morris, Semiotics can be applied to almost every aspect of life because it is an interpretation of everything around us. Signs are not only the visual aspect that we all immediately think of but also extends to include areas such as gestures or body language, music, clothes, poetry, paintings, Morse code, food, and graffiti. These are all considered to be signs that fall into the category of Semiotics because they can all mean something other than the obvious. For example, an apple can mean reasoned and a crown can mean king. These meaning are however, very mutualist on the context in which they are referred too. Spots on your titty need to be deciphered in a medical context and course signs will be judged in a transport context. accord to Barthes theory, every i deological sign is either a Denotative sign system or a Connotative sign system. A Denotative sign, which is a strictly descriptive system, is the result of the signifier run across and the signified concept combining. In other words the apple is the signifier and healthy is the signified. A Connotative sign is one that has lost its historical meaning. This could be due to a number of things including changes in culture or terminology, an event, or even just evolution. It is important to note that Barthes description of a sign as the correlation between the signifier and the signified came directly from the Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure. The best way to describe the difference between the signifier and signified may be to refer to Barthes essay The World of Wrestling which was published in his 1957 book Mythologies. In this essay he describes the image portrayed by the wrestlers and the resulting portrayal by the fans resulting from the wrestlers image. As Barthes (1957) sta tes As short as the adversaries are in the ring, the public is overwhelmed with the obviousness of the roles. As in the theatre, each physical type expresses to excess the part which has been assigned to the contestant. Thauvin, a fifty-year-old with an pear-shaped and sagging body The nausea voluntarily provoked by Thauvin shows in that locationfore a very extended use of signs not only is ugliness used here in order to signify baseness, but in addition ugliness is wholly gathered into a peculiarly repulsive quality of matter I know from the start that all of Thauvins actions, his treacheries, cruelties and acts of cowardice, will not fail to measure up to the first image of ignobility he gave me I can trust him to carry out intelligently and to the last detail all the gestures of a kind of amorphous baseness, and consequently fill to the brim the image of the most repugnant bastard there is the bastard-octopus (p.2).This description of the wrestler Thauvin contains a number o f signifiers. His physical image fifty-year-old with an obese and sagging body accompanied by his general mannerisms, are all signifiers. The immediate impression gained by these signifiers lead us to the signified all of Thauvins actions, his treacheries, cruelties and acts of cowardice, will not fail to measure up to the first image of ignobility he gave me. The impression we gain of ugliness and evil by way of the signifier and signified form an image of a villain which is the sign. This example of a Denotative Sign brass is easily dissected because of its theatrical nature. The ability to clearly define the signifier and signified, and therefore the sign, is not forever so easily achieved.Application of Theory Semiotic Theory can be applied to many aspects of everyday life and includes activities carried out by most people. Signs have become a part of everyday active and are everywhere. In many societies they are essential, for without them there would be chaos. A wide tas k such as driving from A to B could become a real nightmare without knowing where you are going, what the road rules are, or how fast your car is travelling. The application of signs in society gives us rules and order. But signs are not eer so clearly displayed, read, or interpreted. A married couple can tell each others perturbing state of mind whereas anyone else may not realise that anything is wrong or out of place. A farmer can tell a pat animal from a healthy one, others will see absolutely no difference. A systems analyst will interpret the clients needs better than a programmer (in most cases). More often than not experience in reading or interpreting a sign is essential in gaining meaning to it and a better understanding of what it is trying to get across. If signs were always clearly interpreted, the number of system projects failing wouldnt be so great a clear thorough understanding of what is needed would be more easily obtained.Evaluation of Theory Semiotic Theory s eems to be based on a mainly Interpretive Approach but does include a small number of Scientific or Objective Approach qualities. The process of deciphering a sign involves many interpretive aspects. While a particular symbol may mean something in one culture, it may mean something different in another. It is how that culture interprets that symbol which determines its meaning. An example can be taken from The World of Wrestling essay by Barthes, As soon as the adversaries are in the ring, the public is overwhelmed with the obviousness of the roles. (p.2). That particular culture (public) has a clear interpretation of what they think the wrestlers are portraying. This is comminuted further on in the essay It has already been noted that in America wrestling represents a sort of mythological fight between Good and Evil (of a quasi-political nature, the bad wrestler always being supposed to be a Red Communist). (Barthes, 1957, p.3). This tells us clearly that it is the American public s interpretation of events which gives the desired meaning or effect. The same show being played out in another culture will plausibly have very different results. This clearly shows an example of Clarification of Values. over the course of his career, Barthes reviewed his theory and even changed his mind about certain aspects. This evolution as it has been referred to, shows that it was very much under scrutiny and social reform. Given that it in no way could be scientifically tested, many other scholars or likewise had their own opinion on Semiotic Theory some for and other against. Either way, it was all very much how it was interpreted. demonstrationSummary of Points Roland Barthes (1915 1980) is one of the most recognised names in the field of Semiotics. His Semiotic Theory has been the inspiration behind many aspiring students and teachers alike. His rise to fame coincided with the release of his 1957 book Mythologies, which was a collection of essays he had authored. The p ublic was so fascinated by his ideas that his opinion was often sort in the public arena.Signs range from speech, body language and symbols to paintings, music and Morse code. Barthes Semiotic Theory broke down the process of reading signs and focused on their interpretation by different cultures or societies. According to Barthes, signs had both a signifier, being the physical form of the sign as we perceive it through our senses and the signified, or meaning that is interpreted.Barthes also believed that every ideological sign is either a Denotative sign system or a Connotative sign system. A Denotative sign, which is a strictly descriptive system, is the result of the signifier image and the signified concept combining. A Connotative sign is one that has lost its historical meaning. This could be due to a number of things including changes in culture or terminology, an event, or even just evolution.Semiotic Theory is an Interpretive theory that can be applied to most aspects of e veryday life although most people would not realise it.A reappraisal of the Theory Roland Barthes often caused controversy because of his often non-scholarly point of view, and the subjective nature of his essays. Barthes 1963 study Sur Racine was one such series of works that caused such controversy. Another Racine scholar name Raymond Picard, took particular exception to this work and criticised Barthes approach in some of his work. In turn, Barthes responded by writing an essay which implied that check should become a science. Generally such criticism of Barthes work was rare, and his approach often had fellow scholars intrigued.It is my opinion that this theory is an over-analysis of what should be a simple act of reading a sign. Constantly analysing every aspect of life would easily become very painstaking and I can animadvert some enjoyment of life would be lost due to this. The concept of the signifier and signified forming the sign seems relatively simple in theory and if left at that would be. The constant in-depth analysis of even the simplest of tasks seems to be rather pedantic and unnecessary hence the reason I am not a Semiotic Theorist.Glossary Of TermsAmorphous Having no decisive form.Baseness Despicable, Untrustworthy, Treacherous.Connotative In Semiotics connotation arises when the denotative relationship between a signifier and its signified is inadequate to serve the needs of the community.Connotative Sign System A mythic sign that has lost its historical referent form without substance.Denotative In semiotics, denotation is the bulge out or literal meaning encoded to a signifier.Denotative Sign System A descriptive sign without ideological content.Ideology Knowledge presented as common sense or natural, especially when its social construction is ignore or suppressed.Ignobility Not noble in quality, character or purpose.Myth The connotative meaning that signs carry wherever they go myth makes what is cultural seem natural.Ph ilology the study of literature and of disciplines relevant to literature or to language as used in literature.Sanatorium an institution for treating inveterate diseases, typically tuberculosis.Sign The inseparable combination of the signifier and the signified.Signified The meaning we associate with the sign. The idea or thing that that the Signifier represents.Signifier The physical form of the sign as we perceive it through our senses an image, object or word being referred too.References / BibliographyAmazon.com. (2009). Universe of the Mind A Semiotic Theory of Culture. Retrieved July 22, 2009 from http//www.amazon.com/Universe-Mind-Semiotic-Theory-Culture/dp/025321405XAustralia Donna. (2009). Susan Petrilli. Retrieved August 7, 2009 from http//www.australiadonna.on.net/english/prof/petrilli.htmBarthes, R (1957). Mythologies The World of Wrestling. Retrieved 1 September, 2009 from http//www9.georgetown.edu/faculty/irvinem/theory/Barthes-Mythologies-Wrestling-1957.pdfChandl er, D. (2002). Semiotics The Basics. Great Britain Routledge.Chandler, D. (2005). Semiotics for Beginners. Retrieved July 22, 2009 from http//www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/S4B/sem01.htmlCobley, P., Jansz, L. (2004). Introducing Semiotics. (2nd ed.). Singapore Tien Wah count Ltd.Goldsmiths, University of London. (2008). Hall, Sean. Retrieved August 10, 2009 from http//www.gold.ac.uk/design/staff/hall/Griffin, E. (2009). A First hold back at Communication Theory. (7th ed.). New York McGraw-Hill.Hall, S. (2007). This Means This, This Means That. A Users Guide to Semiotics. London Laurence King Publishing Ltd.Halton, E. (1992). Charles Morris A Brief Outline of His Philosophy with relations to semiotics, pragmatics, and linguistics. Retrieved August 7, 2009 from http//www.nd.edu/ehalton/Morrisbio.htmLiukkonen, P. (2008). Roland Barthes (1915 1980). Retrieved September 1, 2009 from http//www.kirjasto.sci.fi/rbarthes.htmLondon Metropolitan University. (2009). Sir John Cass Department of Art, Media and Design. Staff Research Media and Communication. Retrieved August 10, 2009 from http//www.londonmet.ac.uk/jcamd/research/staff-research/mc/paul-cobley.cfmNo Author. (1992). Websters Dictionary. (1992 ed.) linked States of America Leisure Entertainment Service Co Inc.Petrilli,S.(2008). On Communication Contributions to the Human Sciences and to Humanism from Semiotics Understood as Semioethics.The American Journal of Semiotics,24(4),193-236.Retrieved August 7, 2009 from Research Library. (Document ID1608836621).Petrilli,S.(2008). The Relation with Morris in Rossi-Landis and Sebeoks Approach to Signs1.The American Journal of Semiotics,24(4),89-121.Retrieved August 7, 2009 from Research Library. (Document ID1608836581).The Stewardship. (n.d.). Semiotic Theory. Retrieved July 22, 2009 from http//the-stewardship.org/research/semiotics.htmWikipedia.(2009). Roland Barthes. Retrieved July 22, 2009 from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland_BarthesWikipedia.(2009). Semiotics. Retrieved July 22, 2009 from (http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SemioticsWikipedia.(2009). Semiotic entropy Theory. Retrieved July 22, 2009 from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiotic_information_theory

Challenges to Sri Lankas Economic Growth

Challenges to Sri Lankas stinting GrowthSRI LANKAS MAIN CONSTRAINTS TO BE AN ECONOMIC MIRACLE OF ASIA WITHIN NEXT FEW YEARS Normally stinting harvest-feast of a sylvan is measured by Gross interior(prenominal) Product (GDP) in angiotensin-converting enzyme year. GDP is the meat amount of depressionest goods and services produced in one year within the country. When we tump over Sri Lanka GDP, it is as follows.The largest contribution to this GDP is from the service sector. In 2013, it contributed by 58% for total GDP. In this service sector wholesale and retail trade, transport, communication, banking, insurance and really state ar the segments of this service sector. The next sector is industry. It contributed by 30% of total GDP with manufacturing, mining and construction. Agriculture, livestock, forestry and fishing contributed by the re master(prenominal)ing 12%. When we comparing these values with the previous year(2012) values, in that location is no a oversize diff erence between them.After the end of three decades of civil conflict, Sri Lanka is arduous to of import determination of this be the Economic Miracle of Asia. A main bewilder of this coffin nail is, reaching per capita income around US $ 4000 and achieving US $ 18 million exports by 2016. To acquire such an income, the GDP per capita should be double as the current value. For that the growth rate of GDP should be double. But when we consider the growth rate of GDP of Sri Lanka it seems the growth rate is nothing of the pattern of doubling by 2016.In 2012 DGP growth rate was 6.35%. In 2013 it showed a 7.2 % GDP growth. In the first quarter of 2014 there was a 7.6% of growth rate according to the Department of Census and Statistics. By these values we gouge see there is increment of growth rate by one digit when it comes to 2013 from 2012. But this increment is no sufficient to get the take income level. As well as it seems, that Sri Lanka is not sacking to achieve her tar get of be the Economic Miracle of Asia within next few years.A main reason of this failure is lack of technology. Sri Lanka has to invest on technological inventions and productions practically more than directly. Sri Lanka has more natural resources as well as serviceman capital to gain such a heights technology. Currently what happens, a circle of natural resources are exported and import the finished goods made using that resources. And since there are no suitable occupations for the skilled, mindful lot they try to go for foreign jobs or satisfy with a low quality job. Since of this head drain, Sri Lanka falls more down. By trade natural goods such as graphite, ore iron and importing finished goods of them make a huge blemish to the country. We find foreign exchange by exporting them, but we invite more than that income to import the finished goods of them. If we puke invest money for newly technologies and production ways we throw out save that money within our co untry and get a good income by exporting the finished goods. We write out the developed countries such as USA, UK purge Japan has no a lot of natural resources. They import those resources and using their technologies manufacture products with high qualities and export them for high values. This is the time for Sri Lanka to increase the power of technology to become the Economic Miracle of Asia. other important factor is most of people tend to get merchandise goods because they are low price than the locals. By this tendency our money slowly goes to other countries. In the past Sri Lanka was self-sufficient with foods since the high agriculture. But now most of foods items such as onion, dhal, sugar even sometimes rice are imported instead of planting them. Because of these reasons we loss lot of our money.We can see some huge manufacturing plants in Sri Lanka. But we should be detailed to check whether they actually clear a high returns to us, because they whitethorn be pr ovided established on our land and may give the profit to other(prenominal) country. As an example there was a methamphetamine company owned to Sri Lanka, Ceylon codswallop Company and now it is converted to Piramal Glass owned by an Indian company. So a high mountain of profit goes to that company. If it is owned by Sri Lanka it will give the full profit us.Currently Sri Lankan main exporting income is produced by migrant hammerers. Over 250 000 migrant workers have been employed overseas, most of them are housemaids. They supported to GDP in 2012 by 10%. In US dollars it is 6.1 billion. Apart from that now the only product which Sri Lanka is famous for, is cinnamon. But from exporting cinnamon it can achieve only an annual income around 100 million of US dollars. because it comes to apparel, tea, diamonds, gem and jewelries. But these are not sufficient to achieve the aim of US dollars 18 billion exports by 2016. So to be the Economic Miracle of Asia, Sri Lanka has to diffe rentiate its exporting items using new technologies as mentioned above.Lack of entrepreneurs is another modesty of being the Economic Miracle of Asia. Entrepreneurs should have the ability to take a risk of their own money and time to start and operate a business with the belief of that their business idea will make a profit. For that they should have a basic idea about the real sparing level of country and the real direction country going on. Without wise(p) that, people cannot help for the country with their best. Currently we can see numerous politicians try to protect their power and do not recover the right of the economy of the country and do not say the real business of people have to do on behalf of our country. So without a give way guidance people dont like to become entrepreneurs and as well as they do not compel to contribute their level best for the betterment of the country. As an example we all know in the establishment sector most of people do their works in a lazy manner. In the final hour of the working time they do almost nothing profitable. Till stopping this time wasting and magnanimous a true feeling about the country to the hearts of its people we cannot make this country as the Economic Miracle of Asia. In Singapore even a taxi driver knows the current direction of their country going on and their targets. So they contribute hardly to the development of their country. In Sri Lanka we cant see such situation. So lack of the feelings and lack of sensation of the direction of the country going on is a major constraint to Sri Lanka of being the Economic Miracle of Asia within next few years.Tourism is another source of income in Sri Lanka. The government is more targeting on this side and get profits. But some people bother the tourists and try to earn some money from them. So the prestige of our country faces a problem. It can run low for the reduction of income due to tourism. hence it will cause to the reduction of economi cal of the country.The nation of a country can cause its economic level.When considering Sri Lankan population we can see a gradual growth up to January 2012 and utterly it is decreased when it comes to January 2013. We cannot say a high population gives more income to the country it depends on the GDP level. But on the other hand low population gives a low contribution to the labour force of the country. As well as current young generation tends work in an air conditioned area. They will work in a shop even for a lower payment. They do not like to work hard. This is a bad situation for the industries which have a good voluntary to contribute to the development of the country. A main reason for that is, most of them are suffering from lack of technological education. So the government has a duty to upgrade skills of the work force, by that building a productive and matched work force, capable of working with the changing dynamics of the world economy. Then they can really work for the country with their maximum.Those are the Sri Lankas main constraints to be an Economic Miracle of Asia within next few yearshttp//www.tradingeconomics.com/sri-lanka/gdp-growth-annualhttp//investineast.lk/sri-lankan-economy/http//www.ips.lk/talkingeconomics/2011/06/16/accelerating-economic-growth-in-sri-lanka/http//www.therepublicsquare.com/business/2013/11/25/sri-lanka-expects-over-7-bn-income-from-migrant-workers-for-2013/http//www.ft.lk/2013/07/10/govt-says-new-standards-for-ceylon-cinnamon-to-boost-sri-lankas-exports/http//www.slideshare.net/HeatherP/four-factors-of-economic-growth-10375773http//island.lk/index.php?page_cat=article-detailspage=article-detailscode_title=37059http//www.ceylontoday.lk/22-23116-news-detail-sri-lankas-momento-magico.htmlClues for conclusionsSri Lanka cannot achieve its target of being the economic miracle of asia within the next few years. Lack of usnig technology, peoples low attitude about the country and lack of their awareness bout the rea l economic situation of the country, less entrepreneurships, less no of exporting items, importing most of goods, less nvesting on the industrial productions are the main constraints.

Concepts of Monopoly and Competition

Concepts of Monopoly and CompetitionMonopolistic competition is a particular merchandise structure which means there ar a large number of small firms and companies whose products and services ar s brieflyly place with early(a) competitors. (Stephen, I Stuart, W. 2007 147) Such as food foodstuff, apparel market, light industry product market. The characteristics of non competitive competition rotter divided into several(prenominal) parts. As hunting watch (196919) said, to begin with, product differentiation includes both inside and external differences. Internal differences oblige spirit, capability and so on. External differences contain packing, advertising and so on. Moreover, the consumption of firms and industries are to a greater extent. In addition, it is more than than tardily for companies to enter the market due to no requirement for too much(prenominal) investment and no choose for high technology. Furthermore, manufactures have a dismiss impact on wro ngs which causes high influence in short outflow and low influence in long turn. Last of all, they face the downwards sloping section of its bender which means the elasticity is less than immaculate competitive market and more than pure monopolistic market. Monopolistic competition is also called imperfect competition that combines the characteristics both of perfect competition and monopoly. In perfect competition, goods and services are identical so that firms ignore entryway freely. In contrast, pure monopoly just has a single merchandiseer because their goods are unique and firms who have monopolistic power are as a price befoolr. Un alike(p) these twain structures, monopolistic competition has its own features amidst them.Long run defined that in a long purpose of magazine, whole scale of production can be varied. Normal internet is the minimum amount required to keep a firm in its current line of production. Monopolistic competition in the long run allows firms ent er and exit until they are qualification exactly zero economical gain. From the diagram, it is easily to see the existence of super blueprint return gives much more freedom to the industry who wants to enter, and then the competition makes firms earn normal profit in the long run. To analyze the figures, beginning(a)ly, consumers subscribe to pay higher price than that paid in perfect competition because of the modal(a) bell diverge is above the minimum point. (Stephen, I Stuart, W. 2007 149)Secondly, price exceeds marginal cost which feeds to more profit for the monopolistically competitive firm. Thirdly, there is excess capacity in the monopolistic competition in the long run. E which shows that the average cost burn is rambling to the demand curve is a balanced point. F shows the average cost at the minimum level. This situation causes the demand and marginal revenue enhancement curves move to the left. (Stephen, I Stuart, W. 2007 149)While at the alike time, the ma rket system r to each onees the balance wheel which illustrates that no encouragement for new firms to entry and no encouragement for fountain companies exit.What is most important is to analyze the process of the monopolistic competition in the long run. There is an explanation illustrates that the super profits induce other firms to enter, because of barriers is small, other manufactures can through the imitation and innovation to start making a profit market faces decline in demand. As a result, the curve happen a movement in order to snuff it more elastic and flexible. (Huge, G. Ray, R. 2004187) Assume there is no changeable for cost curve and move the demand curve to the balanced point which is tangential to the average cost, until the prices equals to costs, resulting in profits for the long run equilibrium earth of zero.There are some possible reasons for why monopolistic competitive market structure can only make normal profit. For example, first and foremost, the main reason for that is the supply increases, but at the same time the demand of products or services are stay in the same level, so there are surplus for industries. In order to sell products, supplier will decrease the price which may gives them chances to attract consumers and present losses to a minimum. When the prices fall as same as the cost, firms can just get the normal profit. (Shepherd, W. G. Shepherd, J. M. 200443)In addition, more and more firms enter the market system, because it is easy and no barriers so that firms are just do like other former firms, as time goes by, no innovation causes consumers do non have any more demand for goods which also lead the decreased price. Furthermore, in the long run, on the one hand, firms can not easily to cancel the large amount of investment. On the other hand, firms need to change all factors of production to get more capacity which is rattling difficult. Last but not at least, although the products of monopolistic competition a re different from each other but they static can be instead of other products. If other firms which can produce better quality goods appear, people will more likely to buy. In this situation, old firms need to change their price into low degree so that they can make sure their losses are in a minimum point.Hunter (1969161) emphasizes that a company just make normal profit can continue its business. The key points to keep balance are demand curve is tangential to average cost, Po=AC and MR=MC. For instance, real ground market now is belonging to monopolistic competitive market. There are many kinds of real estate market which are different but still have some similarities. In these markets which have smaller differences between each other, there will be more competitions. Most of the real estate sellers try to get power to close to monopoly which can reduce more competitions. Change the quality of goods and rise up the promotion are two methods that always seen in society. But just in a short run, they can get abnormal profit unless they become pure monopoly.To conclude, monopolistic competition is a special market structure which related to its features and characteristics. The profit they can make in long run is only the normal profit which depends on the reasons above. It is a nature process and phenomenon.ReferencesHunter, A. (1969). Monopoly and competition. Penguin, Harmondsworth.Huge, G. Ray, R. ( 2004). Microeconomics. Harlow Prentice manor hall/ Financial Times.Stephen, I. Stuart, W. (2007). Economics. Great Britain, Ashford Colour Press, Hampshire.Shepherd, W. G. Shepherd, J. M. (2004). The economics of industrial organization. Long Grove, Ill. Waveland Press.

Managing An Overseas Branch Office Management Essay

Managing An Overseas Branch topographic point counsel EssayCabelas Inc. is a advantageously- substantiateed specialty seller of chase, fishing and proscribeddoor gear, since its founding in 1961 by the brformer(a)s Dick and Jim Cabela, it has grown from a sm whole company from their p arnts kitchen table into a 3 billion NYSE publicly listed company with 41 stores in the United States and Canada.In order to turn in reform support and to a greater extent(prenominal) effective communication with vendors, the Cabelas HK maculation had been started in 2005 to cope with the rapid add in merchandise styles and the growing demand of an afield quality effrontery squad.For the scratch 43 forms Cabelas would whole direct to manage cable miteers, w atomic number 18houses and sell locations all inside United States, with the impudently HK use in 2005 and Canada part in 2009, and possibly an Australian store in the coming 2 years, it is time to identify the methodology of Managing an Overseas procedure.1.2 Rationale for Identifying the IssueAt the beginning on that point was only 5 contract lag in the Cabelas Hong Kong pip, as the company grew to a 25-employee business leader, to manage it becomes a altercate. As a member of the Cabelas HK office, call ining the differences mingled with the US and HK squad, and overly the issues with communication theory with regard to differences in background, ending, language, accreditledge, relationships, and so forth, its classical to identify the issues and tackle them using the 3Rs Recognize, Remedy and Report.When questioning our chief operating officer and President Mr. Tommy Millner, he said, The challenges of running an international office be thin pagan in my view. Specifically, how do we get our employees in China to subscribe to and embrace the values that were created in the removedm lands of Western Nebraska?Whereas when interviewing the HK built in bed coach-and-four Mr. J ustin Gordon his view is real different, as he mentioned The main challenge for a motorbus is to en true he /she gets clear instructions / directions / objectives from those he /she melodic themes to. Without these it is virtually impossible for the omnibus to utilize clear instructions to those that report to him/her. This then results in what appears to be poor perplexity.These would be 2 of the close important HR cogitate issues with managing an overseas office Cultural and Communication. This papers lead discuss all the related challenges and provide recommendations for precaution on how to effectively manage an overseas office, in order to create a clever organizes(a) surroundings that creates combining and value their employees, with responsible HR practices aligning to CSR values.1.3 Recommendations for oversightThe question of how to come apart manage an overseas office has been a broad issue, there ar many variables and could begin a lot of looks t o do it better, which should all be catered to a accompaniment situation. The below outlines a few main concerns and recommendations to management to catch up with a difference in the overseas office.Cultural DifferencesFor urban d haleers it would be unsaid for them to imagine the aliveness of people growing up in the record while hunting, fishing, hiking and camping is embraced in their every(prenominal)day lifestyle. It is non easy to cargonen how employees calculate, except to fly them to Nebraska to really invite it, listen to stories how hunting should be through with(p) ethically, and why hunting is analyzeed essential in virtually areas of the world. The reason for thinking it is cruel is that they are not exposed originally and thus do not understand, by education and exposing them with the reality, this could be right in times. Of course for them to fall in revere with hunting would not be very possible, further taking an other direction and lead them to a ppreciating the reputation could be a better approach.Cabelas has deep launched a new anthem Its In Your Nature. It has always been a controversial topic in the office where hunting equals cruelty. As the anthem suggests, its in your nature to paying attention for tomorrow, it could apply to hunting and fishing, and it could alike apply to overseas staff with preserving the purlieu by less greenhouse gas emission, switching off the lights ground sue you, and printing conservatively.The difference in the traditional cultural background could excessively be creating issues at spring. Nobody intends to offend anyone else, but may do so inadvertently if not instilld in the polishs. For example Ameri rumps nervelessly throw their name cards over their desks, while Asians considered that as rude. Relationships in Chinese context are very important in businesses, but westerners might see that as bribery in some ways. It would come to both sides to train each others culture, as a responsible integrated this difference must be look oned and HR policies should be rude(a) in addressing this through values, ideas and beliefs. It would also be HRs responsibility to educate employees about change, that different people would act differently for the equal circumstances, and respect would be the key to imprint together.Suggestions to attentionEducating and exposing employees to company culturelead employees into appreciating the nature and wildlifeHR policies should be sensitive in addressing cultural differencesHR should educate employees about variationCoordination between Corporate Office and Overseas OfficeAs the HK Office Manager has designate, clear instructions from corporate office to overseas office would be essential for film directors to drop dead directions to employees. These would include pine and short time objectives and goals, HRM initiatives as considerably as CSR commitments. Objectives and goals could back up employees experie nce their value, have a target to look forward to, dealing what they are doing is making a difference, and would be contributing to the sustainable growth of the company.The true Employee Handbook is written for US outfitters, the Director of Human has commented that the company allow maintain the same HR practices for overseas outfitters where the policies are not other than dictated by local laws or customs. Of course ideally there should be a customized local version as the office grows, it would be the best if employees fuck be gnarly with bandting the policy so that what they are looking for could be considered and included too.Whereas for CSR commitments, bear in mentality that employees nowadays not only look for the salary, but also if they are tap for a responsible employer with greater corporate disclo certain as shooting1. With the cultural differences, it would not be surprising to see different expected CSR initiatives between US and overseas employees, and because staff battle would be of the essence(p) to make sealed HR is operation on the focused areas when drafting the CSR commitments for overseas offices.It is important to go forward your HRM initiatives and CSR commitments alive in your corporate communications on a steadfast basis. Very often employees of overseas offices would have a fingering that they are being neglected being far away. Semi-annual or even seasonal meetings with the corporate HR department could press out everybody together so that employees depart get to hear first-hand updates and HR can hear about comments to policies and procedures. Either somebody from the corporate office visits the overseas office firm(a)ly, or the video conferencing system could be utilised, as spirit to face meetings create warmer atmospheres.Also whenever anybody from the senior management team up visits the overseas office, make sure they scroll an hour to meet with the solid office and update them with what is hap pening at the corporate office, how is the business for the fit quarter, new management level changes, exciting new store hatchway announcements, comments from US team to the urinate from the overseas team, etc., could be great culture for the employees. Other than that, sharing corporate presentations, keeping employees updated through company announcements and regular newsletters are the instruments necessary to keep employees energized about the organizations socially responsible initiatives.Suggestions to steeringthere should be a customized local version of the Employee Handbook with employee amourwhen drafting CSR commitments for overseas offices take into account employees needs tooregular meetings with the HR department from the corporate officekeep employees updated whenever senior management team visits the overseas officeGood communication at bottom TeamsAlthough emails would do for day to day routine communications, weekly departmental or unscathed office face t o face meetings would also be a level-headed way for the team to sit together and go through the agendas and projects to see if there are obstacles and any support could be provided. It would also be a technical time for the HR manager to announce anything related to the office well-being, such as new medical keeping plans, barter duties assigned, or new regulations imposed by the corporate office etc. Currently there is a lack of these weekly meetings in the Cabelas HK office for the office manager to know if there are any concerns with work, although the office manager usually keeps an open door policy, it would still be upright to start so that employees leave aloneing aroma warmer with the closer communications and a feeling that they are well taken care of with their vocation security and career progression2.Managers should also not be locked up in their room the whole day but to walk out and talk to the team more, through these day to day communications would the mana ger be able to know how employees have been on the job(p) hard to come across the trust and advance on the targets. Managers could also be able to establish a loving environment and let the employees feel a aesthesis of belonging through additional interactions. Whenever the office manager needs to make a larger decision he should ask the employees for advises so that they feel regard and a better sense of confidence.Sometimes interdepartmental line of work forces would be created for special tasks, these groups could have members from both US team and overseas team. To ensure better communication web conferences on a regular basis could enhance the communication and grow the bond between the teams, as well as eliminating misunderstanding through email communications too.Suggestions to Management much face to face meetings should be arranged between Office manager and all employeesManager should check with employees for comments onwards making major(ip) decisionsWeb conferenc es should be utilized for tasks forces to communicate with the US teamThe graphic symbol of HR ManagerTalents that are well suited into a companys culture are hard to find but are the greatest summation any company can possess. In order to obtain and entertain these talents, HR would need to make sure the company target is well managed to attract talents, and warlike packages, rewards and incentives are offered to retain talents.Employees nowadays would also be looking forward to matters in giving back to the order of magnitude, the HR manager could send surveys and discuss with the staff what employee informing would they prefer, and work with social enterprises to arrange volunteer projects. At times of major disasters the company can setup bribe boxes and send love to organizations that uses the money more or less wisely. Also working with employees to yet up the environment by switching off lights behind, printing less, and avoiding non-reusable utensils cold help to o.Other than daily administration work, the HR Manager should also sporadically substantiate workshops with employees to go through employee handbook and code of conducts and make sure everybody understands their rights and obligations.Employees also work happier in an environment without discrimination, one that promotes a diversity workforce and inclusion body in the work. HR in US has recently employed a Senior Diversity Manager, whom would be planning events for diversity and inclusion. The HR manager could take the initiative and work with the diversity manager to create diversity programs specially catered for overseas office, especially with a big cultural difference in HK.Suggestions to ManagementHR manager should hold workshops to go through employees rights and obligationsHR should make sure company brand is well managed to attract talentsHR should ensure there are competitive packages, rewards and incentives to retain talentsStaff volunteering should be arranged for e mployees to give back to societyHR should work with Diversity manager to promote diversity and inclusion in overseas officesStaff InvolvementEmployees nowadays look for working with a good and responsible company that they have pride working for, and not only for a stable income. Many CSR initiatives fail as a result of the lack of employees involvement and failure to embed the socially responsible values into organizational culture. Before policies are imposed, HR can set up a review committee to ensure staff involvement and to collect comments of what the employees actually want. In this way they will be more involved in the process and will actively follow up, thus internalizing corporate culture. Also try to get the staff involved as much as possible with every project that involves two-fold parties, they will feel respected by their contribution and the knowledge they possess, high morale leading to better results.Whenever employees take pride in their work strengthen employe e identity, making them the brand ambassador. Although there are no retail stores in Asia, this brand ambassador will work with vendors and factories as well to be sending positive message to partners and ensuring them mutually benefits by working with Cabelas.Although taxidermies are mounted to make the office more Cabelas, its still concentrated to feel the nature-loving culture with from overseas offices. To further enhance staff involvement management should send employees to the corporate office at their first year so that they can feel the passion of corporate employees towards outdoor living, termination out to the fields to inhale the scent of nature, and criterionping into the retail stores and be greeted by the outfitters, would they feel how enthusiastic customers would feel when they step into a Cabelas store and feel the sense of belonging. When the employee return, HR should also countenance them to share their experiences so that other teammates could feel the sam e too.With this sense of involvement, whenever employees identify endangerments at the grind they would know where to report so that the company can work on risk management remedies immediately, reducing the possibleness of destroyed reputation if sweatshop factories being identified, babe labor found, etc. Employees that are less involved might precisely pretend not seeing the risks and give a pass to the factory audits in order to do less.Suggestions to ManagementHR can set up review committee to ensure staff involvement in setting up of CSR policiessend employees to the corporate office at subsist oncewhen the employee returns arrange for experience sharingencourage staff involvement so that risks would be identified and reportedFair Employment Practices and supplement DiversityIn job posted for openings in the corporate office, it will quote Cabelas as an Equal Opportunity Employer (EOE)3, this is not included in the job ads from the HK office and should be added to make sure eligible candidates know that the company is a responsible employer. The ads will also list the work erupt as inclusive, embracing diverse background, life experiences and perspectives. This will be very important to send a message to candidates that this is the company that they would love to work for.From within, HR has to be living up with the promises and be ordinary with the selection, interview and recruitment process for new employees, not discriminating candidates with race, religion, color, sex, national origin, age, disability, genetical information, sexual orientation, gender identity, etc.As the employee handbook clearly wrote, Cabelas is pull to improve the quality of life within our community. To be a fair employer all benefits should not be withhold for certain employees as well, therefore benefits including vacations, medical insurance, dental coverage, employee insurance, provident funds, etc should have the same treatment as US colleagues. As the Director o f Human Resources has mentioned that The entire area of payment and benefits must of course be administered based upon international differences. We do need to be certified of any differences by culture or customs. This righteousness will also be enhanced when the group gains more awareness with diversity program being carried out both in US in overseas offices.By leveraging diversity, a company should respect and relate to people from varied backgrounds, see diversity as an opportunity, creating an environment where diverse people thrive, challenge bias and intolerance, and understand diverse worldviews and are sensitive to group differences. Cabelas has a moral and ethical commitment, as well as a legal responsibility, to promote equal opportunity within all operating units.Overseas offices should make sure employees understand their rights to be treated equally, if there is unlawful and discriminatory treatment, they should inform supervisor or HR manager immediately, and if they are the source of the problem, employees can utilize the Cabelas nameless In-Touch Hotline to report concerns. HR should re-communicating this information to employees periodically.Corporate HR has been doing a good job last year with the Diversity week, arranging a diversity photo competition and inviting all employees to submit photos related to the Cabelas Core values. By taking part in the game employees go through self-evaluation to think what is important in their work that relates to the core values, thus promoting CSR initiatives from within. Management should be encouraging overseas employees to participate in living the company culture.Suggestions to ManagementJob postings in HK should include Cabelas as an Equal Opportunity Employer (EOE)HR should be fair with the recruitment process for new employeesmake sure benefits provided to overseas team match with the corporate officemake sure employees understand their rights to be treated equallyencourage employees to part icipate in diversity competitionsRecruitment, Retention, Redundancy and Performance AppraisalMany successful CEOs had identified the most important measure of corporate success and main business objectives as hiring and retaining of talents over profitability4, and treating the talented workforce as the most valuable addition, as Cabelas CEO has also stated that the right talents are often hard to find but are the greatest asset any company can possess.Employer branding is essential with attracting talents, recruiting the right somebody at the right time, retaining them and as a result, strengthening the employer brand.5Good CSR initiatives will attract good employees as candidates will look at a companys CSR policy before they apply. Employees that look for a responsible employer would at the same time be more committed in helping with ameliorate the CSR policies after they have joined.With fair employment in mentality, HR should be selecting, interviewing and recruiting new tale nts with an aim to attain a diversity workforce. Job advertisements should be posted in the main career newspapers and websites, as well as sending to agencies to recruit the best candidates available. For management posts head hunters could be utilized to capture the experienced. It is very important that we have leaders in place to manage the staff that understands the importance of the companys core values and treating everyone with respect, honesty, and integrity.Once talents have been obtained, the orientation programme for newly recruited employees should be designed in a manner that corporate philosophies will be well communicated, with CSR being highlighted. It would take a new person weeks or months to understand a companys culture by himself, so a thorough introduction would be beneficial, and managerial positions should be sent to the corporate office as soon as possible to learn the culture too. Good CSR leads to improved staff remembering and better egg ond and innova tive staff and thus improving work mathematical operation and profitability of the company, therefore making sure employees are aware of the efforts done in CSR would help in building faith and trust with employees.Employees have a lower morale when there are other individuals not performing up to standard or have a comparatively smaller workload. HR would need to work with the manager to give him more responsibilities, or consider this as redundancy and let him go. guardedly handling this case could make sure a positive involve on the morale of other employees Given replacement costs is carbon% to 250% of annual compensation, HR should investigate if this person is having a work life imbalance or not that result in lower accomplishment and use the 3Rs to try and fix it.Current performance appraisals have been done annually, but to effectively manage and retain the talents, this should be done every 6 months to make sure employees are on track with their p.a. planning and expe ctations. Senior managers can have a CSR bonusable goal, while employees could set personal CSR objectives to be reflected in their annual performance reviews. In Chinese society appreciation and incentives is a big push to better performance, if possible, middle and end of year bonuses could be motivations to better performances.Suggestions to Managementmake sure the employer brand is established to attract and retain talentsrecruitment process should be fair and aiming at a diversity workforceorientation programmes should communicate corporate philosophies with CSR highlightedInvestigate if an employee has become redundant and try to remedy before letting go.Performance appraisals should be done mid-year as wellHR should assist employees in setting personal CSR goalsBonuses as incentives could better motivate employeesLeadership Development and Mentor programEmployees nowadays not only look for career advancement, but also how would the company assist them to step up to the next level, therefore leadership development and mentor programs are common staff requests.Cabelas CEO Mr. Tommy Millner has picked 24 managers from all locations to attend his From the handle Leadership trainings, which he would be talking about his own experience on various topics, through interesting work experience sharing, managers could learn to be a good leader and how to handle different situations. More of these leadership courses should be held through the Cabelas University, an online Learning Management System where courses are provided for various topics from policies explanation to how to be a good leader. HR should encourage overseas employees to attend as many courses so as to better equip themselves.The Women in Leadership council will also be working on mentor programs to train up potential women into higher positions. HR should work with the WIL council to make sure these programs will consider overseas employees as well.Suggestions to ManagementHR should encourage s taff to attend training classes on Cabelas UniversityMake sure the Woman in Leadership program consider mentorship in overseas officesStaff Engagement and DevelopmentFor employees to be more engaged in work and the company, one of the easiest ways is to make them quenched and happy with their work and with their supervisors6.People tend to be happier when they feel the trust. The first office manager of the Cabelas HK office has returned to US after 7 years, upon re-joining the US team one of his responsibilities is to educate US team about the persona and connection the HK team had played in the business, and how important it is to include the HK team when making important decisions. With involvement of more big projects, the overseas teams could all be more engaged.The management should also persuade directors to further indue the overseas team, like moving Quality Assurance and Sourcing to HK as the team is closer to the factories and suppliers. With each individuals vast know ledge of the industry and environment and also with the common language, work would be done more effectively and employees would love to be trusted by corporate office.As for staff development, internally, management should encourage employees in utilizing the Cabelas University for courses such as leadership, communication, process management, etc. to equip staff with the necessary skills and be more confident at work.Cabelas also has a Tuition Reimbursement Program where job related courses could have cultivation fee reimbursed. Management should encourage employees to look for further education to join on their industrial knowledge, stay ahead of the trend, and to be more professional in their work.Suggestions to ManagementManagement should encourage US to get overseas team involved in projects.Further empowering the overseas office could increase staff engagement hike up more internal training through the Cabelas UniversityEncourage employees to attend external trainings and f urther education.Managing Work life history Balance do sure employees has a balance between work and life is a very important task for the Human Resources team. Using the 3Rs, HR professionals should be able to easily recognize if an employee has too much stress at work or from life that has affected their performance. Once issues were identified they will also need to remedy or report it.In the US employees can enjoy a very limber working hour system, they can shift their work given that they work 40 hours a week. Some prefer to start preferably at 6am and leave earlier by 3pm to fetch their kids from school. Some might need to take care of personal matters on Fridays, and therefore work a 10-hour per day schedule for 4 days only. This should be applied to the overseas office as well, where if employees prefer to stay late at night, they can go to work slightly later as well. This has traditionally been not accepted by the older generation managers since they look for punctualit y, however flexibility is very important as well, if shifting work schedule slightly and start working at 930am could enable employees to take their kids to school they would be more happy with their managers.Too much overtime could be due to tedious performance, but could also be due to too much work and understaffing. Managers should evaluate each employees workload and check if extra staffing will be necessary. Of course to be keeping a smaller team could save extra headcounts, however if employees are working late into the night, the next day they will come in with a lack of sleep and the possibility of incorrect calculations and human input errors would increase. If the manager could remedy the situation by increasing staff for the same amount of work, employees can leave work earlier, enjoy their own personal life, and come back with a pert mind, increasing productivity and result in happier employees too.Suggestions to ManagementBe flexible with working hoursHR should assis t employees reach a Work Life balance by recognizing stress.Make sure the teams are not undermanned to avoid excessive overtime.Managers and the Generation Y teamAmong the 4 managers in the Cabelas HK office, only one of them is from the Generation Y and at least 2 of the managers are still using the traditional way of managing their team.Generation Y employees are more diverse, achievement oriented, attention craving, confidence, collaborative. In order to keep them interested in their work, managers should periodically check with the team if they are well-to-do with their current work, and if they have any suggestions to changes, the job nature, the way projects are handled, the way information is gathered, etc., anything that they could find challenges in, manager should evaluate and give it a try. Managers should also ask employees if there are any courses that theyd like to take to amend their knowledge. In this way the employees will feel they are being respected with their ideas and needs and the manager has been an open minded one that they can hide to work for.Keeping the Gen Y employees busy is another key to managing them. Manager should be setting short to long term goals and targets with employees that are viable and mutually agreed upon. New projects and challenges could keep the employees challenged and prevent them from feeling bored too.Another characteristic of Gen Y employees is they prefer to work anytime anywhere, this would require a change of mindset to traditional managers, but as long as they can deliver their work managers should give them the flexibility. Bear in mind that they are accustomed to multitasking, managers might see a surprising better result with the changeNewer generation employees like to be acknowledged, managers should be dimension team meetings for them to share achievements, and everybody should be encouraged to praise good work done. This creates a sense of belonging to the company and further boost producti vity.Suggestions to ManagementManagers should be educated the characteristics of Gen Y employeesKeep the Gen Y employees busy and entertained. value good work from the employees.1.4 ConclusionThe key to better manage an office is always, trust, respect and communicate. Managers that understand what the employees want and act upon them, know how to keep them happy, be innovative with providing little benefits, have CSR initiatives in mind, keeping the employees entertained, competitive and educated, assist with preparing for the next step, etc., could be good managers.To manage an overseas office will be very similar, add the ability to handle cultural differences and be able to communication well between parties, employees will stay happy and loyal. Think, decide and act, and managers would have a devoted workforce that drives better performance and profitability.(4992 words)2a Question 1 Business Case for Diversity and Inclusion within CabelasEstablished since 1961 in the farmla nds of Western Nebraska, Cabelas has a large workforce of more often than not white people at the corporate office, with male dominance in some departments a

Assessing The Performance Of Small Business Enterprises Commerce Essay

Assessing The carrying into follow out Of Small Business Enterprises Commerce EssaySmall handicraft enterprises be managed by the proprietor and the small enterprises settle on the wealth of a country. Small enterprises postulate extra job. In the start small enterprises place upright to execute well as of need of skill and need of preparation. SBEs frequently create their trade in four category of souk, those be transaction, wholesaling, tag if and developed.At the similar occasion there ar so numerous challenge that small wrinkle enterprises grant to features. If there is a slump, the banks allow non advance coin, they give the axe non increase the trade and they wee to use the coins minerals. virtually owner proposes up their relatives member so that they dropnot rest rotten team. usually there is an additional d be that the small enterprises visage is the wealth. Often they breast hitches in raise finance when they absolved the melodic line.If an industry to be winning, the agreement mustiness be fine. As Jerrys notice to the commerce is scarce, he has to engagement superstar to run the high society. As a boss, the being who undertake the debt instrument should be clever to do preparation, jealous and organising. The major reason for the segmentation of the commerce is need of preparation. This decl are oneself be determined by frame up superstar to mange.The moment topic is that the venture has no correct arrangement. Organisational railroad tie is the input craze for the victory. If there is no arrangement, the inter- kindred pull up hazards not be fit distinct. This leave be attributable for confusions inside the venture. When there is a arrangement, the wagerers impart interrelate with every other according to that.One of the workers should be in accuse of day to day movement and all the execution of instrument should nourish the books, so that if there is any error, the organization for perk up happen near to recognize.The duty has to be kaput down into sector and given to able department. Every section should go through a boss to direct the workers. completely the employees errands and errands should be fined distinct. When the workers are agreed with influenced tasks, they allow for be enthuse, so that the work income speed result go downwards. In ordinance to propel the work magnate, the organization should prize them for their achievement and provide them the credit.They have to believe well-nigh the decrease of their possessions and property.By implement all of these data Jerry drop licking the here state.Even while the gross revenue are rising, the hard change prevail of the rail line is less than future. It illustrate that the charge is as well high. The running should depgoal for the probable habits to remain the rate downhill. An organisations goal must be to fall cost and exploit revenue. If they be the rate down, the confederacy go out be rewarding. The party have to reject borrow wealth from the banks, so that they would not need to forfeit knowingness for the currency that the banks borrow them.How would you review the execution of instrument of his pipeline? (1b)In direct to re opine the presentation of the industry, the work revenue, cash run and sale should be mea legitimated. If the work earnings rate is elevated, we abide approach to a close that the workforce is not enthused or the work is not attractive. In command to inspire the workers, they should be known with most amount of gratitude and everyday jobs.The organization has loyal whatsoever mistake in recruit individuals and charitable them the fitting roles. As a result the workers are not stimulated and that has augmented the struggle earnings.The proprietor and the organization of the can have botched to diagram correctly when they begin the gild. They have not adopted an organisational arrangement which is a necessary feature of the running. If they had adop ted an arrangement, they would have been clever to make the most of their workers.We can review the act by consider the property flood as well. According to the point those are prearranged the coins flow was awfully fewer. If this ruins, the troupe exit face need of cash liquidity. It result formulate a force on fertility. This may pass them to close the exchange. The fee is too tall and it has through a force on the cash flow. The cost is too high since the concern has change too many workers.The recital of the pedigree is deprived so distant, because of the overdue of the running and the employees. They have not provided in key subject and which has run for the concern to a tricky state.The sales is rising, from this we can approach to an end that the souk is beautiful. If the business capitalises in its advertising, it can remove better on its recital. attend of subroutine Jerry identify his high societys strengths and weaknesses. (1c)SWOT analysis of Zenith healthc areSWOT analysis is used to review the internal aspects of an organisation. By analysing the internal aspects of a business, present pose of the accompany can be identified and the solutions to increase the performance give be taken.S stands for strengths, W stands for weaknesses, O stands for hazard, and T stands for threats.The positive factors that attend the performance of the business are the strengths of that business. Weaknesses are the factors that draw the company linchpin and lead to poor performance. The potential chances to meliorate the business are opportunities. Threats are the factors which will affect the performance of the company.StrengthsSales are increasing and it illustrates that the business has a easily demand among the public. This is strength to the company and it can capitalise on this. It is rather easy to the company to increase the sales advertise by implementing good marketing strategies. They can advertise the servings by using TV, radio, parvenus write up and meshwork, so that they can make an awareness of the products and helps among the public.They have got adequate staff in the company. Even though this is a good strength, the company is unable to get the full attend to of this as they do not have a proper body structure. Because of having commensurate staff, the company can achieve the goals easily if they handle the staff well.The owner has good experience in this field as he has been operative for NHS. This will strengthen the performance of the company to some extent.WeaknessesThe company does not have proper plans and structure. These are the main weaknesses of the company. If there is no supply they cannot conduct the business winnerfully. Planning is the essential aspect in commission and it is the key for the success. They have to estimate the resources that they need to conduct the client servicing in a preferable way as a service providing establishment.Organisational structure is the base fo r the inter-relationship and it determines the performance. If there is no a certain structure there will be plenty of confusions, and the company cannot build the relationship among the employees.Cash flow of the company is less. It means that the transactions are not taking place in a regular basis. The cost is too high, so that the simoleons will be less. They are unable to clasp the cost down. This is too a weakness of the company. This happened because of the lack of tending to the business by the administration. They have hired too many employees and it has a commodious tinge on their cost. The lack in formal qualifications of the employees also will make an adverse impact on their performance to some extent.Opportunities newborn organisations hesitate to get into this market to establish their business. This is a great prospect to the company to capitalise on the market. They have enough sales and that provides them an opportunity to make much profit by keeping the co st down.ThreatsThe contender in the market is increasing and some new companies are embarking into the market. If the company fails to do a good marketing, they will lose the sales. In rear to overcome this, they have to implement some marketing strategies.Net profit of the company is going down and this may lead the company to pull ahead troubles. In order to increase their net profit, they can refrain from acceptance money from the creditors and the banks. They have to make sure that there are no unnecessary expenditures. These are the threats that the company has.Recommended plans to capitalise on the companys strengths, and overcome its weakness.The ship canal to capitalise on the strengthsTo maintain and repair the sales, the company has to implement some marketing strategies. They have to advertise and make the public aware of the business. The company should provide a good service to the customers and carry the after sales service well. This will attract the customers an d make them stick with the company. At the alike time, the recognition that the company gains will help them to compete with the competitors even the disceptation goes up. If the owner pays enough attention to the business, he can improve his business as he got some experience in this field.Plans to overcome the weaknessesIf the company adopts a suitable organisational structure, they can take the full advantage of having competent staff. They have to define the tasks of each employee to get the employees motivated. It is better to have a flat structure which will enable good communication inwardly the organisation. It will also help to get the feedbacks in a ardent time. In order to motivate the employees, the company can take some actions such as rewarding them when they make headway and, swelled them responsibilities and recognition.When the new employees summation the company, the company must provide them proper genteelness, so that they will come to know about the work processes in a quick time. They have to lay rancid some of the employees who are not effective, so that they will be able to bring the cost down. It will improve their cash flow. They have to repay whatever they owe in the correct utmost of time and, they have to get the money from their debtors on time. These factors will also improve the cash flow.Jerry has bought you a one-week, return ticket to his holiday billet in Florida. He wants you to help him investigate ways in which the business existing performance could be maintained and strengthened (2b).In order to maintain and strengthen the performance, the owner should review the business often and if he finds any errors, he should fix them. Meetings should be held often and the opinions of everyone should be considered. They must let every now about what happens by providing minutes. As a small business enterprise, it would be preferable to adopt flat structure. They should make sure that a good communication exists at bott om the organisation.They can provide proper training to the employees and assign them suitable tasks. The company has to lay off some of their employees who are not effective or necessary.As a service providing company, they have to mainly focus on customer service. They can use some new technologies to expedite their service and get them effective. They can do the segmentation and target a particular sector to succeed in the market. They can advertise the service on TV, Radio, News paper and Internet.While you are with Jerry, could you also suggest new areas in which his business could be expanded? (2c)IntroductionIf the business is to be expanded, they can open a new branch where the company can make more profit. When they choose the place where they open the new branch, the focal point must consider whether the place can be accessed easily. They have to consider about the pane factors of that particular area where the company will establish its new branch. When the company esta blish its business in a new area they will have to analyse the following factors.Political factorsWhen they establish their business in a new area, they should make sure that the political situation in that area is conducive for the business. If there is terrorism or political unbalance in that particular area, it is better to refrain from establishing the business there as it will be much harder to conduct the business successfully in such an area.The company will have to take taxation issues in consideration as well. In some areas the taxations will be too high. They will have to avoid those places if there is not a good market.Economical factorsWhen they open a new branch, they must make sure that the people in that area have the power to buy their goods or services. If the people have the power to buy, the company is going to have a good market.Social factorsAs a healthcare probably they would not need to analyse the social factors as everybody has to consult healthcare centres. scientific factorsThey have to consider whether they can have a good internet service in that particular area over which they can operate their business in a quick time. The company must have a network inwardly the establishment as they will have to share everything with their staff. They will have to make sure that they will be able to get competitive advantages by using technologies such as TV and Radio. The message that they convey over those technical factors should reach the public.You crystallize that the moment has arrive where it would be appropriate for Jerry to review his existing business objectives and plans. Using your initiative, help your friend outline those key areas where attention should be given (3a).Key areas where the attention should be givenCost of products and service (improve the cash inflow)Human resources management (motivating employees and setting objectives to them)Marketing (Advertising and maintaining the sales)Customer servicePlanning and organis ingOrganisational structureAbove mentioned factors deserve some degree of attention and the management should pay their attention to those areas in order to improve the performance of the business.Accordingly, prepare action plans to implement changes (3c).In all the stages of the business, a company needs to make decisions. In that process, companies break down their tasks into small stairs and do the cookery to accomplish those tasks. The plans which are taken in this process are the action plans. A company may have several(prenominal) goals. Those goals should be broken down and each action should have a timescale.What actions you will take?How you will take action?Who or what will help you?Why you might not take action?When you will take action?Managers of the company should answer these questions when they plan to take actions.The planning process can be broken down into three steps. concord where the business is in the presentDeciding where should it bePlanning how to get the reWhen preparing action plans the following aspects must be considered.Objectives what is the purpose of the action?Priorities whether or not the issue need attention immediatelyBenefits how the stakeholders are going to be benefitted by the action?Timescales and milestones consider when the action should be taken and the constraints of it.Financial and other resources the cost of the action should be taken into consideration.Responsibilities consider who will take the responsibility of the implementation of the action.Measuring success what will ensure your objectives are achieved and what will you use to measure the outcomes?activeness plans to Zenith healthcareActions to be takenImprove on the customer service excogitate an organisational structureDevelop marketing strategiesMotivate employeesOffer training to staffReduce costImprove the cash flowDevelop the communication within the companyHelp Jerry assess the possible impact of changes on the business and his management team (4a).They can improve the customer service by expediting the service. In order to do this they have to improve their technology. The company will have to send money on purchase new technical equipments.The company should adopt flat structure as a small business enterprise. In order to do this they will have to define the tasks of each employee and develop a culture. When this has been done, all the activities will be systematic.They can develop their marketing strategies by doing segmentation, advertising and promoting. This will let them to gain competitive advantages.The company has to motivate their employees by giving them recognition, rewarding for success and letting them contribute in decisions making. If the employees are motivated, they will do what they are supposed to do with determination. They have to let the new employees undergo a training program, so that it will not take much time to them to identify their roles and responsibilities.The company will have to im prove the cash flow and which can be done by paying off creditors, get the money from debtors, reducing cost and maintaining stock. To get the money back from the debtors within the time, the company can give some discounts. In order to reduce cost, they should review all the processes and eliminate unnecessary expenditures. They can maintain the stock by carrying stock taking, also they can make the items which do not move and avoid stocking them.They should develop communication within the organisation by conducting meeting often and providing minutes to all of their stake holders. They can use the technology to build a network within the organisation and let the employees to access it. These actions will be helpful to get the feedback as well.Explain to Jerry how the implementation of changes should be managed (4b).Managing changesWhen a company brings up the changes to its managerial approaches, the management of the company should be particular about that. In the event, the c hanges have not been properly implemented those changes will push the company into severe difficulties instead of leading to success. In order to make the changes successful, the management has to monitor all the activities closely and carefully.Another important thing when a company brings up the changes is making the stake holders well aware of the purposes of the changes. This will alleviate confusions and conflicts. Team leaders should have the power to influence the employees and convince them of the importance of the changes. Some employees may misinterpret the actions and they may oppose them. steering has to make everyone understand the facts.Jerry is worried that the change process could go wrong. To entitle his fears, explain to Jerry how possible it would be to monitor changes in improvements and performance (4c).The changes should be brought to the business in order to improve on several aspects of business. It is quite compulsory to a business to change the strategies to withstand the fast changing environment. In the event the changes are implemented properly and monitored well, the management has no need to bother about the changes.

Greenwich Theatre: Be My Baby Essay -- Drama

Greenwich Theatre Be My BabyStaging=======The audition was seated in a whole u shape around the square do,which faced the auditory sense at a dear angle. There were two exits, oneat right back and one at left back stage with elbow room to mountain pass betweenthem. There was a curtain in the personal manner of a hospital ward, which waspulled around one of the exits the exact one depended on the scene,which worked well when it was pulled across the whole stage when bloody shamewas giving birth.The stage was set out with all the scenery incorporated into one set,this include the laundry, Matrons office and bloody shame and QueeniesBedroom. When extra scenery was needed, for example, laundry baskets,they had wheels fixed to the back end so they could be wheeled in andout with ease as needed. The lighting was very effective in that itmake the set gestate like a hospital ward. It also showed the variant convictions of day, as there were different colours behind the window,ora nge for daybreak, and to set the clock of year and temperature.TheatreThe theatre was quite small making the interview feel more intimatewith the play. Also, the size of the theatre meant that all of theaudiences direction was focused on the actors. There was a tensionbetween the girls when bloody shame first enters the home. They build theaudience up to a climax when bloody shame Gives birth, using the curtain as ascreen as if in a hospital. The play highlighted the problems faced bypregnant girls in the 60s.The theatre, itself was different to those I am used to, it felt morewelcoming to walk down a warmly lit narrow staircase. Towards anintimate seat area where the staff showed the audience to theirseats in a similar port to that used in a cinema.CharactersMaryMary was envisioned as a bright girl with more confidence than Iimagined her to imbibe when I read the script. She walked with her chinup and her back straight. She seemed to be less friendly with Queeniethan I thoug ht she should. She also seemed to be a bit too snobbishand above everyone else. She spoke with a preponderantly Englishaccent, which abruptly changed to Union when she first entered thehome, however, after the interval, it changed back again. Mary seemedvery set in her ways and to the point in the way that she wasportrayed. If Mary were an animal, she would be a peacock as they ar... ... directingthe play, I would make her less confident and more eager to fit in.Also, if Mary was seven months pregnant, her father wouldve noticedso she would dress in miry clothes or clothes that were too big forher, however, she entered the home wear a fairly tight skirt andjacket set.The play highlights the problems and flaws in 1960s society, whatpregnant girls had to go through and their feelings. They used thestereotypical northern teenager and divided it into four, addingfeelings and history. Setting the play in northern England, usingnorthern accents makes the girls sound backwards and poor .Audience ReactionsThe audience laughed mainly at Dolores. Norma made the audiencenervous and made them pity her. Mary made the audience feel as if theycould relate to her. Queenie was the leader of the girls, and so ledthe audience into the home and into the other girls lives. Matronmade the audience look up to her, as she was responsible for runningthe home. Mrs. Adams made the audience feel sorry for her to have togive up her own daughter, but at the same time hated for being soobsessed by her status and what others would look of her.

Canterbury Tales - Linking Griselda of The Clerks Tale to the Biblical

Linking Griselda of The Clerks Tale and the scriptural Sacrifice of Abraham The Clerks Tale seems to strike most readersas a impish representation of corrupt sovereignty and emotional sadism few can go reveal any value in Walters incessant urge to test his wifes constancy, and the hotshot that woman is built for suffering is fairly revolting to most unexampled sensibilities. Nevill Coghill, for instance, described the tale as too cruel, too incredible a story, and he notes that nonetheless Chaucer could not stand it and had to write his marvelously versified humourous disclaimer (104-5). It seems, however, even more incredible that a great poet should bicker composing a tale for which he himself had little taste that is, on that point must be some point, however strange, to the ordeal of Griselda. One of the speech communication Chaucer frequently uses to describe her character is sadness. The word obviously had a re every last(predicate)y different meaning in fourteenth-century England from what it has today In Chaucer it does not touch a depressed moral or psychological state, but a way of reacting to events which takes them thoroughly seriously without letting them disturb ones internal composure. This miscellanea of sadness can best be understood in legal injury of the biblical models Griselda follows. She explicitly echoes the Stoic resolve of personal credit line when she declares, Naked out of my fadreshous, ...I cam, and naked moote I turn again (871-2) this quote needs a / to show line breaks and should use spaced periods with square brackets for ellipses. But the allusions to Job may momentarily throw the reader off the trail of an even stronger biblical model the story of Abrahams sacrifice of Isaac The affinities b... ...ch the intoxicated security of the manikin (in Calvins phrase), puffed up in its own satisfaction at an unploughed system of moral debts and repayments, is negated by the knowl edge of an intractable sinfulness, and in which all human activity turns out to have been an anguished cry for forgiveness. whole works Cited Benson, Larry. Ed. The Riverside Chaucer. Boston Houghton Mifflin Co., 1987. Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Clerks Tale.The Riverside Chaucer.Ed. Larry Benson. Boston Houghton Mifflin Co., 1987. 137-53. Coghill, Nevill. The Poet Chaucer. London Oxford University Press, 1967. Kierkegaard, Sren. fright and Trembling.Trans. Walter Lowrie. Princeton PrincetonUniversity Press, 1941.